Table 1.

Symptoms and hazards of typical CVDs and MDs available treatments and their shortcomings and morbidity/mortality

Categorization	Symptoms and hazards	Available treatments	Shortcomings of available treatments	Morbidity/Mortality
Myocardial infarction	Most often there is severe and persistent sternal pain complicating cardiac arrhythmia shock or heart failure which can even be life-threatening.12,13	Thrombolytic therapy: the use of thrombolytic drugs to dissolve the embolism in the blood vessels and eliminate them from the body restoring blood flow14; interventional surgery: the surgical installation of stents to the plug blood vessels to hold the blood vessels open and allow blood flow.15	Thrombolytic therapy is associated with serious complications such as intracranial hemorrhage cerebral edema and systemic hemorrhage.16 Interventional surgical treatment of heart attack is not easy to implement and is demanding in terms of hardware and software.17	Among all CVDs acute myocardial infarction ranks first in global mortality a ranking that will remain until 2030.18
Coronary atherosclerosis	Numbness of limbs muscle atrophy lack of blood supply dizziness and headache dyspnea and palpitations.19,20	Medication: "Anti-Myocardial drugs such as enteric-coated aspirim tablets clopidogrel bisulfate tablets pravastatin sodium etc.21; Surgical treatment: subcutaneous stent implantation balloon dilatation etc.22	Statins may cause side effects such as liver function damage muscle damage and elevated blood glucose. Surgical treatment of myocardial damage large surgical incisions slow recovery and long hospitalization time.23,24	Coronary atherosclerosis accounts for 17.9 million deaths worldwide or 31% of all deaths.25
Diabetes	Prolonged hyperglycemia attacks various organs and tissues of the body such as the heart kidneys brain and eyes.26	Type 1 diabetes: insulin injection therapy; type 2 diabetes: oral antidiabetic drugs agents are required and insulin injection therapy is appropriate.27	Lack of knowledge of medication by patients leads to wrong timing of medication stopping medication on their own and missing doses.28 Insulin injection with poor patient compliance.29	The prevalence of diabetes is about 9.3% (463 million people) globally and is expected to increase to 10.9% (700 million people) in 2045.30
Gout	Joint pain hot and swollen and itch processing in the skin if left untreated can disable the joints and large amounts of uric acid deposited in the kidneys can severely damage the kidneys.31	Medication: febuxostat tablets benzbromarone tablets etc. for uric acid-lowering treatment32; Surgery: removal of gout tophus or correction of joint deformities.33	Medication may cause side effects such as gastrointestinal upset and kidney damage. Surgical treatment is risky and may cause damage to the joints.34	Gout has a global prevalence of about 1–4% and an incidence of about 0.1–0.3%.35
Osteoporosis	Severe leg pain may cause difficulty in mobility and fractures are highly likely to occur when patients are subjected to factors such as minor external forces as well as simple movements.36	Pharmacologic therapy: drugs that inhibit osteoclasts such as alendronate and zoledronic acid which are bisphosphonates and drugs that inhibit bone resorption such as proclcitonin and salmon calcitonin.37,38	It requires long-term adherence takes a while to see significant results and medication often has side effects such as nausea vomiting diarrhea and headache.39	The global prevalence of osteoporosis is about 18.3%.40
Obesity	It makes the human body’s behavior very sluggish and is prone to comorbidities such as hypertension hyperglycemia and high cholesterol causing a series of CVDs and cerebrovascular diseases.41	Pharmacologic treatment: intestinal lipase inhibitor drugs42; surgical treatment: liposuction sleeve gastrectomy.43	Medication may trigger adverse effects such as flatulence back pain lower extremity pain headache and upper respiratory tract infection.44 Surgical treatment is risky and harmful.	The 2023 edition of the World Obesity Map predicts that by 2035 more than 4 billion people worldwide will be obese or overweight representing 51% of the global population.45