Table 1.

Identification and change trend of biomarkers from urinary metabolic profiling in the control group, high-dose hydroxycitric acid (H-HCA)-treated group, and model group

	No	m/z	Mode	Identification	Formula	Trend (H-HCA treated/Model)	Trend (Control/Model)
ESI+	1	220.3012	[M+H]+	Pantothenic Acid	C9H17NO5	↑	↑
	2	146.0403	[M+H]+	Spermidine	C7H19N3	↓	↓
	3	157.1602	[M+H]+	Tiglylglycine	C7H11NO3	↓	↓
	4	190.0861	[M+H]+	3-indole propionic acid	C11H11NO2	↑	↑
	5	303.0726	[M+H]+	Phenylacetylglutamine	C13H16N2O4	↑	↑
	6	230.3007	[M+H]+	Dodecanedioic acid	C12H22O4	↑	↑
	7	299.1270	[M+H]+	Enterolactone	C18H18O4	↑	↑
	8	76.0214	[M+H]+	glycine	C2H5NO2	↑	↑
	9	180.0578	[M+H]+	Hippuric acid	C9H9NO3	↑	↑
	10	117.0110	[M+H]+	fumarate	C4H4O4	↓	↓
	11	147.0199	[M+H]+	2-Oxoglutarate	C5H6O5	↓	↓
	12	104.0091	[M+H]+	serine	C3H7NO3	↓	↓
	13	195.0765	[M+H]+	Aminohippuric acid	C9H10N2O3	↓	↓
	14	177.0624	[M+H]+	Allantoate	C4H8N4O4	↑	↑
	15	266.1196	[M+H]+	Thiamine	C12H17N4OS	↓	↓
	16	212.0911	[M+Na]+	3-Methoxytyrosine	C10H13NO4	↑	↑
	17	104.1063	[M+Na]+	Choline	C5H14NO	↑	↑
ESI-	18	124.0079	[M-H]-	Taurine	C2H7NO3S	↑	↑
	19	196.0680	[M−H]−	Metanephrine	C10H15NO3	↑	↑
	20	136.0760	[M−H]−	Tyramine	C8H11NO	↓	↓
	21	169.0491	[M−H]−	3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol	C8H10O4	↑	↑
	22	203.0821	[M−H]−	Tryptophan	C11H12N2O2	↑	↑
	23	123.0431	[M−H]−	Benzoic acid	C7H6O2	↑	↑
	24	164.0559	[M−H]−	7-Methylguanine	C6H7N5O	↑	↑