Skip to main content
. 2024 Jun 16;59(5):e14339. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.14339

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Probability of poor perinatal care utilization and quality among postpartum Hispanic individuals by primary language and by (A) Medicaid expansion status and (B) immigrant Medicaid coverage status. Source: Authors' analysis of data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2016–20. N are unweighted, percentages use PRAMS survey weights, which account for variation in sampling rates, stratification schemes, and nonresponse across sites. Data are adjusted for rurality, region, race, age, education, marital status, parity, pregnancy intention, and pre‐pregnancy abuse, depression, diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and smoking. Medicaid expansion states with PRAMS data available include Alaska, Arkansas, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Hawaii, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana (2017–20), Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine (2019–20), Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah (2020). States with PRAMS data available that did not expand Medicaid include Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana (2016), Maine (2016–18), Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah (2016–19). States with immigrant Medicaid coverage (coverage for lawfully residing immigrants without the 5‐year waiting period) with PRAMS data available include Arkansas (2018–20), Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon (2018–20), Pennsylvania, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming. States with no immigrant Medicaid coverage with PRAMS data available include Alaska, Alabama, Arkansas (2016), Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah. p‐values: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.