TABLE 2.
Perinatal care among postpartum Hispanic individuals by language (n = 35,779).
| Perinatal care utilization and quality | English speaking (n = 21,742) | Spanish speaking (n = 14,037) | p‐value (language difference) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted % | Adjusted predicted probability (95% CI) a | Weighted % | Adjusted predicted probability (95% CI) a | ||
| Poor care utilization | |||||
| No preconception visits (12 mo. before pregnancy) | 38.3 | 40.5 (39.2,41.7) | 55.9 | 52.7 (51.3,54.2) | <0.001 |
| No prenatal care visits | 0.5 | 0.5 (0.4,0.7) | 0.7 | 0.6 (0.4,0.8) | 0.738 |
| Prenatal care began after the first trimester | 9.3 | 10.1 (9.3,11.0) | 15.8 | 14.1 (13.1,15.1) | <0.001 |
| Received less than adequate prenatal care (APNCU) | 29.4 | 30.1 (28.9,31.3) | 36.1 | 35.0 (33.6,36.4) | <0.001 |
| No postpartum care visits | 13.0 | 14.0 (13.0,14.9) | 16.7 | 15.2 (14.2,16.2) | 0.115 |
| Poor care quality (received <75% of recommended care components during visit(s)) during: | |||||
| Preconception visits b | 79.7 | 78.4 (77.1,79.8) | 70.4 | 73.1 (71.1,75.0) | <0.001 |
| Prenatal visits c | 29.7 | 30.5 (29.2,31.7) | 30.7 | 29.7 (28.4,31.0) | 0.454 |
| Postpartum visits d | 58.8 | 58.3 (56.9,59.6) | 53.2 | 53.9 (52.3,55.5) | <0.001 |
Note: Bolded values indicate statistical significance at p < 0.05.
Source: Authors' analysis of data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2016–20. NOTES: APNCU: Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization (Kotelchuck Index), CI: confidence interval. N are unweighted, percentages use PRAMS survey weights, which account for variation in sampling rates, stratification schemes, and nonresponse across sites. p‐values are from multivariable logistic regression models comparing adjusted predicted probabilities of each outcome between English‐speaking and Spanish‐speaking Hispanic reporting individuals.
Adjusted for rurality, region, race, age, education, marital status, parity, pregnancy intention, and pre‐pregnancy abuse, depression, diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and smoking.
Recommended preconception care components (n = 12) include counseling on folic acid consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, controlling preexisting medical conditions, desire to have children, pregnancy prevention, health improvement strategies, sexually transmitted infections, smoking, physical and emotional abuse screening, depression screening, work environment, and HIV testing.
Recommended prenatal care components (n = 11) include counseling on healthy weight gain, medication, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical and emotional abuse screening, depression screening, drug use, HIV testing, breastfeeding counseling, postpartum contraceptive counseling, and vaccinations.
Recommended postpartum care components (n = 7) include counseling on folic acid consumption, depression screening, contraceptive counseling, smoking, physical and emotional abuse screening, birth spacing counseling, and discussions about healthy eating and exercise.