. 2024 Aug 16;25(8):289. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2508289

Table 2.

Baseline characteristics of study participants and assessment by BMI (n = 7620).

Characteristics		Control group (n = 5044)	Overweight/Obese group (n = 2576)	t/χ² value	p value
Demographics
	Sex, Men, n (%)	2310 (62.1)	1410 (37.9)	54.532	$<$ 0.001
	Age (years)	58.97 $\pm$ 13.12	57.48 $\pm$ 12.83	4.724	$<$ 0.001
	Hypertension, n (%)	2659 (52.7)	1751 (68)	162.817	$<$ 0.001
	Diabetes, n (%)	1065 (21.1)	758 (29.4)	64.717	$<$ 0.001
	Current smoker, n (%)	429 (8.5)	240 (9.3)	1.403	0.236
	Everyday drinking, n (%)	313 (6.2)	167 (6.5)	0.223	0.637
Medications
	Antihypertension, n (%)	780 (15.5)	682 (26.5)	133.340	$<$ 0.001
	Anti-diabetes, n (%)	416 (8.2)	315 (12.2)	31.157	$<$ 0.001
Anthropometrics
	Height (cm)	164.26 $\pm$ 7.66	165.1 $\pm$ 8.28	–4.442	$<$ 0.001
	Body mass (kg)	59.94 $\pm$ 7.98	75.83 $\pm$ 11.04	–71.878	$<$ 0.001
	BMI (kg/m²)	22.15 $\pm$ 1.94	27.73 $\pm$ 2.8	–101.710	$<$ 0.001
	SBP (mmHg)	136.41 $\pm$ 26.86	141.88 $\pm$ 25.32	–8.579	$<$ 0.001
	DBP (mmHg)	80.99 $\pm$ 14.88	85.24 $\pm$ 14.3	–11.934	$<$ 0.001
	PP (mmHg)	55.42 $\pm$ 21.05	56.65 $\pm$ 20.89	–2.417	0.016
	Heart rate (beats/min)	79.97 $\pm$ 13.05	79.79 $\pm$ 12.37	0.583	0.560
Biochemical analysis
	AST (U/L)	26.53 $\pm$ 39.35	27.66 $\pm$ 18.43	–1.389	0.165
	Uric acid (µmol/L)	314.4 $\pm$ 95.28	350.64 $\pm$ 96.64	–15.630	$<$ 0.001
	Cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.48 $\pm$ 1.07	4.51 $\pm$ 1.01	–1.386	0.166
	HDL (mmol/L)	1.16 $\pm$ 0.32	1.05 $\pm$ 0.28	15.445	$<$ 0.001
	LDL (mmol/L)	2.8 $\pm$ 0.98	2.91 $\pm$ 0.96	–4.552	$<$ 0.001
	FBG (mmol/L)	5.75 $\pm$ 1.76	6.05 $\pm$ 1.83	–6.882	$<$ 0.001
	Hemoglobin (g/dL)	131.88 $\pm$ 18.29	138.37 $\pm$ 17.84	–14.777	$<$ 0.001
	Total protein (g/dL)	66.15 $\pm$ 6.42	66.63 $\pm$ 6.1	–3.140	0.002
	Albumin (g/dL)	43.31 $\pm$ 4.75	43.84 $\pm$ 4.43	–4.686	$<$ 0.001
	eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	115.71 $\pm$ 37.82	116.1 $\pm$ 36.34	–0.429	0.668
Arterial stiffness parameters
	API	30.31 $\pm$ 8.11	31.27 $\pm$ 7.9	–4.911	$<$ 0.001
	API $\geq$ 31	2115 (41.9)	1252 (48.6)	30.774	$<$ 0.001

Note: Data are shown as mean $\pm{}$ SD, percent or number (%) of event outcomes. BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; FBG, fasting blood glucose; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; API, arterial pressure volume index.