Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients in HFimpEF group compared with HFrEF group.
| Characteristics | HFimpEF | HFrEF | p value | |
| (n = 408) | (n = 611) | |||
| Age (years)* | 62 (53, 69) | 62 (54, 69) | 0.885 | |
| Sex (male) (%)* | 290 (71.08) | 436 (71.36) | 0.923 | |
| Smoking history (%)* | 151 (37.01) | 222 (36.33) | 0.826 | |
| Alcohol consumption history (%)* | 56 (13.73) | 126 (20.62) | 0.005 | |
| BMI (kg/) | 25.56 4.91 | 24.43 5.08 | 0.003 | |
| Edema (%) | 139 (34.07) | 230 (37.64) | 0.245 | |
| NYHA class III–IV (%)* | 299 (73.28) | 528 (86.42) | 0.001 | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Coronary heart disease (%)* | 275 (67.40) | 351 (57.45) | 0.001 | |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy (%)* | 52 (12.75) | 146 (23.90) | 0.001 | |
| Valvular heart disease (%)* | 24 (5.88) | 28 (4.58) | 0.356 | |
| Atrial fibrillation (%)* | 88 (21.57) | 115 (18.82) | 0.282 | |
| Hypertension (%)* | 199 (48.78) | 220 (36.01) | 0.001 | |
| Diabetes (%)* | 128 (31.37) | 140 (22.91) | 0.003 | |
| Treatment | ||||
| PCI/CABG (%) | 155 (37.99) | 77 (12.60) | 0.001 | |
| ICD/CRT (%) | 12 (2.94) | 19 (3.12) | 0.874 | |
| ARNI/ACEI/ARB (%)* | 281 (68.87) | 429 (70.33) | 0.620 | |
| -blockers (%)* | 290 (71.08) | 377 (61.70) | 0.002 | |
| Aldosterone receptor antagonists (%)* | 311 (76.23) | 478 (78.23) | 0.453 | |
| SGLT2i (%) | 12 (2.94) | 13 (2.13) | 0.411 | |
| Diuretics (%) | 335 (82.11) | 524 (85.76) | 0.116 | |
| Inotropes (%) | 277 (67.89) | 467 (76.43) | 0.003 | |
| Laboratory | ||||
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 3989 (1748, 7936) | 4604.50 (2410.50, 9862.20) | 0.006 | |
| Uric acid (µmol/L)* | 395.50 (311.33, 501.95) | 444.70 (341.40, 554) | 0.001 | |
| Creatinine (µmol/L)* | 91 (76, 109) | 95 (79, 118) | 0.014 | |
| Potassium (mmol/L)* | 3.90 (3.60, 4.30) | 4 (3.70, 4.40) | 0.016 | |
| Sodium (mmol/L)* | 139.85 (136.93, 142) | 139.80 (136.90, 142) | 0.689 | |
| Chloride (mmol/L)* | 103 (101, 106) | 103 (101, 105) | 0.747 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/L)* | 140 (126, 153) | 140 (127, 152) | 0.881 | |
| PDW (%)* | 14.20 (12.68, 15.90) | 14.50 (13.10, 16.05) | 0.023 | |
| PCT (%)* | 0.25 (0.21, 0.30) | 0.24 (0.20, 0.28) | 0.001 | |
| RAR* | 3.38 (3.10, 3.72) | 3.41 (3.13, 3.81) | 0.479 | |
* Variables marked with an asterisk were included in univariate logistic regression and Cox regression analysis. Abbreviations: HFimpEF, heart failure with improved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; BMI, body mass index; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; PDW, platelet distribution width; PCT, plateletocrit; RAR, red blood cell distribution width/albumin ratio; n, number.