Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazards model for overall survival in 1018 patients undergoing major urologic cancer surgery.
| Variables | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age; ≥75 vs <75 years (ref) | 2.66 (1.28-5.52) | 0.009 | ||
| Sex; female vs male (ref) | 4.14 (1.89-9.07) | <0.001 | ||
| SARC-F questionnaire; | ||||
| Strength: ≥1 vs <1 (ref) | 3.07 (1.25-7.51) | 0.014 | ||
| Assistance with walking: ≥1 vs <1 (ref) | 5.01 (2.43-10.31) | <0.001 | 2.18 (1.02-4.64) | 0.044 |
| Rise from a chair: ≥1 vs <1 (ref) | 2.79 (0.66-11.71) | 0.161 | ||
| Climb stairs: ≥1 vs <1 (ref) | 4.42 (2.07-9.44) | <0.001 | ||
| Falls : ≥1 vs <1 (ref) | 1.81 (0.63-5.19) | 0.270 | ||
| Body mass index; low vs high (ref) | 1.04 (0.51-2.12) | 0.923 | ||
| ECOG-PS; ≥2 vs <2 (ref) | 8.91 (2.70-29.39) | <0.001 | ||
| Charlson comorbidity index; ≥5 vs <5 (ref) | 2.74 (0.37-20.13) | 0.322 | ||
| Cancer stage; ≥III vs <III (ref) | 9.60 (4.27-21.57) | <0.001 | 7.98 (3.52-18.10) | <0.001 |
| Surgical form; | ||||
| Radical cystectomy vs others (ref) | 14.59 (6.79-31.36) | <0.001 | ||
| Radical prostatectomy vs others (ref) | 0.02 (0.03-0.15) | <0.001 | 0.03 (0.01-0.22) | <0.001 |
| Radical nephrectomy vs others (ref) | 2.90 (1.01-8.31) | 0.048 | ||
| Partial nephrectomy vs others (ref) | 0.22 (0.03-1.63) | 0.139 | ||
| Radical nephroureterectomy vs others (ref) | 1.96 (0.68-5.62) | 0.213 | ||
| Surgical approaches; open vs others (ref) | 3.42 (1.63-7.20) | 0.001 | ||
| Operative time, minutes; ≥169 vs <169 (ref) | 5.88 (2.05-16.85) | <0.001 | ||
| Estimated blood loss, ml; ≥78 vs <78 (ref) | 5.68 (1.98-16.30) | 0.001 | 4.53 (1.52-13.50) | 0.007 |
| Blood transfusion; yes vs no (ref) | 13.28 (6.21-28.41) | <0.001 | 2.41 (1.06-5.53) | 0.037 |
CI=Confidence interval. ECOG-PS=Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-performance status. HR=Hazard ratio. SARC-F=Simple questionnaire to rapidly diagnose sarcopenia.