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Preliminary assessment of ideal aeration level by varying cultivation vessel and liquid volume. Left panel shows the cultivation set-up with method labels (1) to (7), corresponding to the x-axis on the graph. For detailed procedure, see Methods. Strain JCL299 (ΔldhA ΔadhE ΔfrdBC Δpta) transformed with plasmids pIA1 and pASKA-paaI was used here. Samples were taken after 24 h of incubation. Error bars represent standard deviation of three duplicates.
