Table 2.

Descriptive statistics and internal consistency values for variables in study.

Variable	α	M	SD	Range	Skewness	Kurtosis
Honesty-Humility (Modesty) (four items)
T10 (2018)	0.64	5.88	1.03	1–7	−0.96	0.54
T11 (2019)	0.64	6.00	0.96	1–7	−1.14	1.39
T12 (2020)	0.65	6.10	0.92	1–7	−1.16	1.04
T13 (2021)	0.63	6.06	0.94	1–7	−1.06	0.89
Ethnic deprivation (two items)
T10 (2018)	0.54	2.40	1.40	1–7	1.07	0.84
T11 (2019)	0.58	2.21	1.32	1–7	1.02	0.54
T12 (2020)	0.56	2.21	1.30	1–7	1.04	0.67
T13 (2021)	0.56	2.16	1.30	1–7	1.08	0.93
Ethnic identity centrality (three items)
T10 (2018)	0.80	3.45	1.67	1–7	0.09	−0.95
T11 (2019)	0.78	3.34	1.65	1–7	0.04	−0.90
T12 (2020)	0.80	3.41	1.66	1–7	0.03	−0.88
T13 (2021)	0.80	3.32	1.68	1–7	0.10	−0.94
Religious discrimination (single item)
T10 (2018)	--	2.06	1.48	1–7	0.70	−0.74
T11 (2019)	--	1.98	1.45	1–7	0.70	−0.72
T12 (2020)	--	1.90	1.38	1–7	0.77	−0.56
T13 (2021)	--	1.87	1.38	1–7	0.85	−0.41
Religious importance (single item)
T10 (2018)	--	5.14	1.93	1–7	−1.10	0.40
T11 (2019)	--	5.19	1.87	1–7	−1.09	0.38
T12 (2020)	--	5.21	1.78	1–7	−1.02	0.22
T13 (2021)	--	5.23	1.77	1–7	−0.96	0.17
Satisfaction with life (two items)
T10 (2018)	0.74	5.34	1.17	1–7	−1.12	1.42
T11 (2019)	0.76	5.36	1.18	1–7	−1.14	1.55
T12 (2020)	0.78	5.28	1.21	1–7	−1.20	1.47
T13 (2021)	0.78	5.27	1.22	1–7	−1.09	1.31
Meaning in life (two items)
T10 (2018)	0.74	5.55	1.16	1–7	−1.34	2.40
T11 (2019)	0.75	5.53	1.18	1–7	−1.26	1.82
T12 (2020)	0.74	5.52	1.17	1–7	−1.12	1.11
T13 (2021)	0.77	5.50	1.22	1–7	−1.25	1.70
Trust in police (three items)
T10 (2018)	0.73	4.48	1.21	1–7	−0.46	0.52
T11 (2019)	0.75	4.66	1.21	1–7	−0.52	0.40
T12 (2020)	0.76	4.57	1.22	1–7	−0.64	0.55
T13 (2021)	0.75	4.44	1.29	1–7	−0.62	0.32