Table 3.
Univariable analysis of each independent variable with respect to the nurses’ intention to leave the hospital or the profession.
| Intention to leave the hospital |
Intention to leave the profession |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristicsa | No | Yes | OR | p | No | Yes | OR | p |
| Socio-demographic | ||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 1037 (92.7) | 82 (7.3) | – | – | 973 (87) | 146 (13) | – | – |
| Male | 200 (86.6) | 31 (13.4) | 1.96 | 0.003 | 193 (83.5) | 38 (16.5) | 1.31 | 0.171 |
| Age | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 44.4 (11.8) | 37.6 (10.1) | 0.95* | <0.001 | 44.7 (11.8) | 38.2 (10.3) | 0.95* | <0.001 |
| Country | ||||||||
| Belgium | 803 (93.7) | 54 (6.3) | – | – | 749 (87.4) | 108 (12.6) | – | – |
| Italy | 79 (91.9) | 7 (8.1) | 1.32 | 0.51 | 80 (93) | 6 (7) | 0.52 | 0.133 |
| Netherlands | 294 (85.5) | 50 (14.5) | 2.53 | <0.001 | 278 (80.8) | 66 (19.2) | 1.65 | 0.004 |
| Poland | 61 (96.8) | 2 (3.2) | 0.49 | 0.327 | 59 (93.7) | 4 (6.3) | 0.47 | 0.152 |
| Education | ||||||||
| Bachelor | 1059 (92.3) | 88 (7.7) | – | – | 995 (86.7) | 152 (13.3) | – | – |
| Master or higher | 178 (87.7) | 25 (12.3) | 1.69 | 0.029 | 171 (84.2) | 32 (15.8) | 1.22 | 0.337 |
| Living status | ||||||||
| Alone | 157 (91.8) | 14 (8.2) | – | – | 144 (84.2) | 27 (15.8) | – | – |
| With partner | 342 (91.2) | 33 (8.8) | 1.08 | 0.813 | 328 (87.5) | 47 (12.5) | 0.76 | 0.304 |
|
With friends or housemates |
15 (83.3) | 3 (16.7) | 2.24 | 0.243 | 16 (88.9) | 2 (11.1) | 0.67 | 0.603 |
| With parents | 41 (91.1) | 4 (8.9) | 1.09 | 0.880 | 37 (82.2) | 8 (17.8) | 1.15 | 0.748 |
|
With partner and child(ren) |
605 (91.8) | 54 (8.2) | 1 | 0.998 | 571 (86.6) | 88 (13.4) | 0.82 | 0.412 |
| Other | 77 (93.9) | 5 (6.1) | 0.73 | 0.556 | 70 (85.4) | 12 (14.6) | 0.91 | 0.812 |
| Work context | ||||||||
| Health problems | ||||||||
| No | 790 (93.2) | 58 (6.8) | – | – | 768 (90.6) | 80 (9.4) | – | – |
| Yes | 447 (89) | 55 (11) | 1.68 | 0.009 | 398 (79.3) | 104 (20.7) | 2.51 | <0.001 |
| Nightshifts | ||||||||
| No | 771 (93.7) | 52 (6.3) | – | – | 732 (88.9) | 91 (11.1) | – | – |
| Yes | 466 (88.4) | 61 (11.6) | 1.94 | 0.001 | 434 (82.4) | 93 (17.6) | 1.72 | 0.001 |
| Contract | ||||||||
| Full-Time | 550 (92.1) | 47 (7.9) | – | – | 525 (87.9) | 72 (12.1) | – | – |
| Part-Time | 687 (91.2) | 66 (8.8) | 1.12 | 0.557 | 641 (85.1) | 112 (14.9) | 1.27 | 0.135 |
| Employment | ||||||||
| Permanent | 1190 (91.8) | 106 (8.2) | – | – | 1122 (86.6) | 174 (13.4) | – | – |
| Temporary | 47 (87) | 7 (13) | 1.67 | 0.218 | 44 (81.5) | 10 (18.5) | 1.47 | 0.288 |
| COVID frontline | ||||||||
| No | 310 (96) | 13 (4) | – | – | 296 (91.6) | 27 (8.4) | – | – |
| Yes | 927 (90.3) | 100 (9.7) | 2.57 | 0.002 | 870 (84.7) | 157 (15.3) | 1.98 | 0.002 |
| Lack of equipment | ||||||||
| No | 1110 (93.4) | 79 (6.6) | – | – | 1044 (87.8) | 145 (12.2) | – | – |
| Yes | 127 (78.9) | 34 (21.1) | 3.76 | <0.001 | 122 (75.8) | 39 (24.2) | 2.30 | <0.001 |
| Insufficient staff | ||||||||
| No | 1068 (91.9) | 94 (8.1) | – | – | 1003 (86.3) | 159 (13.7) | – | – |
| Yes | 169 (89.9) | 19 (10.1) | 1.28 | 0.355 | 163 (86.7) | 25 (13.3) | 0.97 | 0.886 |
| Specialty area | ||||||||
| Other | 392 (93.8) | 26 (6.2) | – | – | 213 (86.9) | 32 (13.1) | – | – |
| Emergency | 120 (84.5) | 22 (15.5) | 2.76 | 0.001 | 110 (77.5) | 32 (22.5) | 2.03 | 0.003 |
| Medicine | 493 (90.5) | 52 (9.5) | 1.59 | 0.063 | 476 (87.3) | 69 (12.7) | 1.04 | 0.831 |
| Surgery | 232 (94.7) | 13 (5.3) | 0.84 | 0.630 | 367 (87.8) | 51 (12.2) | 1.08 | 0.747 |
| University hospital | ||||||||
| No | 604 (92.4) | 50 (7.6) | – | – | 569 (87) | 85 (13) | – | – |
| Yes | 633 (90.9) | 63 (9.1) | 1.2 | 0.352 | 597 (85.8) | 99 (14.2) | 1.11 | 0.511 |
| Burnout | ||||||||
| Depersonalization | ||||||||
| No | 1177 (92.8) | 91 (7.2) | – | – | 1129 (89) | 139 (11) | – | – |
| Yes | 60 (73.2) | 22 (26.8) | 4.74 | <0.001 | 37 (45.1) | 45 (54.9) | 9.88 | <0.001 |
| Emotional exhaustion | ||||||||
| No | 1046 (94.1) | 65 (5.9) | – | – | 1020 (91.8) | 91 (8.2) | – | – |
| Yes | 191 (79.9) | 48 (20.1) | 4.04 | <0.001 | 146 (61.1) | 93 (38.9) | 7.14 | <0.001 |
| Job demands | ||||||||
| High pace | ||||||||
| No | 578 (92.6) | 46 (7.4) | – | – | 556 (89.1) | 68 (10.9) | – | – |
| Yes | 659 (90.8) | 67 (9.2) | 1.28 | 0.220 | 610 (84) | 116 (16) | 1.55 | 0.007 |
| Quantitative demands | ||||||||
| No | 1014 (92.5) | 82 (7.5) | – | – | 962 (87.8) | 134 (12.2) | – | – |
| Yes | 223 (87.8) | 31 (12.2) | 1.72 | 0.015 | 204 (80.3) | 50 (19.7) | 1.76 | 0.002 |
| Cognitive demands | ||||||||
| No | 587 (91.9) | 52 (8.1) | – | – | 562 (87.9) | 77 (12.1) | – | – |
| Yes | 650 (91.4) | 61 (8.6) | 1.06 | 0.770 | 604 (85) | 107 (15) | 1.29 | 0.109 |
| Emotional demands | ||||||||
| No | 616 (92.4) | 51 (7.6) | – | – | 597 (89.5) | 70 (10.5) | – | – |
| Yes | 621 (90.9) | 62 (9.1) | 1.21 | 0.343 | 569 (83.3) | 114 (16.7) | 1.71 | 0.001 |
| Bullying | ||||||||
| No | 1038 (92.6) | 83 (7.4) | – | – | 986 (88) | 135 (12) | – | – |
| Yes | 199 (86.9) | 30 (13.1) | 1.89 | 0.005 | 180 (78.6) | 49 (21.4) | 1.99 | <0.001 |
| Work-life conflicts | ||||||||
| No | 1015 (93.3) | 73 (6.7) | – | – | 989 (90.9) | 99 (9.1) | – | – |
| Yes | 222 (84.7) | 40 (15.3) | 2.51 | <0.001 | 177 (67.6) | 85 (32.4) | 4.8 | <0.001 |
| Lack of Job Resources | ||||||||
| Lack of influence | ||||||||
| No | 989 (91.5) | 92 (8.5) | – | – | 946 (87.5) | 135 (12.5) | – | – |
| Yes | 248 (92.2) | 21 (7.8) | 0.91 | 0.709 | 220 (81.8) | 49 (18.2) | 1.56 | 0.015 |
| Lack of development | ||||||||
| No | 1197 (92.2) | 101 (7.8) | – | – | 1130 (87.1) | 168 (12.9) | – | – |
| Yes | 40 (76.9) | 12 (23.1) | 3.56 | <0.001 | 36 (69.2) | 16 (30.8) | 2.99 | <0.001 |
| Lack of predictability | ||||||||
| No | 1099 (93) | 83 (7) | – | – | 1041 (88.1) | 141 (11.9) | – | – |
| Yes | 138 (82.1) | 30 (17.9) | 2.88 | <0.001 | 125 (74.4) | 43 (25.6) | 2.54 | <0.001 |
| Role conflicts | ||||||||
| No | 1176 (92.5) | 96 (7.5) | – | – | 1118 (87.9) | 154 (12.1) | – | – |
| Yes | 61 (78.2) | 17 (21.8) | 3.41 | <0.001 | 48 (61.5) | 30 (38.5) | 4.54 | <0.001 |
| Lack of supervisor support | ||||||||
| No | 1140 (93.1) | 85 (6.9) | – | – | 1078 (88) | 147 (12) | – | – |
| Yes | 97 (77.6) | 28 (22.4) | 3.87 | <0.001 | 88 (70.4) | 37 (29.6) | 3.08 | <0.001 |
| Lack of colleagues support | ||||||||
| No | 1199 (91.7) | 108 (8.3) | – | – | 1130 (86.5) | 177 (13.5) | – | – |
| Yes | 38 (88.4) | 5 (11.6) | 1.46 | 0.436 | 36 (83.7) | 7 (16.3) | 1.24 | 0.607 |
| Lack of meaning of work | ||||||||
| No | 1228 (91.8) | 109 (8.2) | – | – | 1158 (86.6) | 179 (13.4) | – | – |
| Yes | 9 (69.2) | 4 (30.8) | 5.01 | 0.008 | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | 4.04 | 0.015 |
| Lack of work engagement | ||||||||
| No | 1199 (92.4) | 98 (7.6) | – | – | 1140 (87.9) | 157 (12.1) | – | – |
| Yes | 38 (71.7) | 15 (28.3) | 4.83 | <0.001 | 26 (49.1) | 27 (50.9) | 7.54 | <0.001 |
| Job dissatisfaction with: | ||||||||
| Work prospects | ||||||||
| No | 1122 (94.5) | 65 (5.5) | – | – | 1071 (90.2) | 116 (9.8) | – | – |
| Yes | 115 (70.6) | 48 (29.4) | 7.2 | <0.001 | 95 (58.3) | 68 (41.7) | 6.61 | <0.001 |
| Physical working conditions |
||||||||
| No | 982 (94.3) | 59 (5.7) | – | – | 948 (91.1) | 93 (8.9) | – | – |
| Yes | 255 (82.5) | 54 (17.5) | 3.52 | <0.001 | 218 (70.6) | 91 (29.4) | 4.26 | <0.001 |
| Use of abilities | ||||||||
| No | 1069 (94.9) | 58 (5.1) | – | – | 1021 (90.6) | 106 (9.4) | – | – |
| Yes | 168 (75.3) | 55 (24.7) | 6.03 | <0.001 | 145 (65) | 78 (35) | 5.18 | <0.001 |
| Overall | ||||||||
| No | 1155 (93.6) | 79 (6.4) | – | – | 1108 (89.8) | 126 (10.2) | – | – |
| Yes | 82 (70.7) | 34 (29.3) | 6.06 | <0.001 | 58 (50) | 58 (50) | 8.79 | <0.001 |
| Salary | ||||||||
| No | 711 (94) | 45 (6) | – | – | 696 (59.7) | 60 (32.6) | – | – |
| Yes | 526 (88.6) | 68 (11.4) | 2.04 | <0.001 | 470 (40.3) | 124 (67.4) | 3.06 | <0.001 |
a
For each category of the characteristics, the intention to leave is showed in terms of absolute frequencies and percentages (in brackets) and the first category is the reference one. Mean and standard deviation (SD) are reported for Age. OR: odds ratio Statistically significant p-values (p) are highlighted in bold-type. *The OR for Age is meant with respect one-year increases.