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. 2024 Aug 19;14:1419599. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1419599

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Integration generating innovation. 1. Throughout the article, we aimed to highlight the immense potential of connecting the physical, chemical, and biological study of the tumor cell to elucidate the phenotypic diversity varying among multiple onco-attractor microstates (A–E), which can comprise different moments in an epigenetic, genetic, and quantum landscape. It is possible to shape phenotypic characteristics through “jumps” along each attractor state (I to II or III to IV) due to the plasticity and reprogramming of self-organized cancer cells. 2. Given the challenging complexity of understanding so much information mixed in a heterogeneous tumor mass, new technological advancements will be required. These include multi-omic approaches, 3D cell cultures, advanced microscopy methodologies linked to automated image analyses and AI, fourth-generation and single-cell sequencing, digital pathology, and numerous other techniques or methodologies to elucidate and connect basic and clinical research. 3. Consequently, the structural paradigms of the “death strategy,” which drive a more aggressive progression of cancer accompanied by intense side effects in patients, will be reshaped. As new breakthroughs are achieved through holistic and singular research, containing preclinical trials representative of the real evolutionary progression of the tumor through adapted methodologies, the gap in translational research will be bridged. This will pave the way for new drug combinations along with the bioeconomic and bioprospecting of an extensive source of antineoplastic compounds still unknown in marine and terrestrial biodiversity. There will be a new direction for clinical research that integrates the landscape and dynamics of the tumor.