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. 2024 Sep 2;21:33. doi: 10.1186/s12950-024-00407-9

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Chronic effects of β-FNA on LPS-induced anxiety- and sickness-like behavior in male C57BL/6J mice. Micro-osmotic pumps containing saline or β-FNA (42 μg/d) were surgically implanted and dispensed at a flow rate of 0.5 μL/h for 7d. 6d post-surgery, mice (n = 7–8/group) were injected (i.p.) with either 25 μL saline control or LPS (0.83 mg/kg). Behavioral tests were administered 24 h later, and termination followed immediately after. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. A Time in closed arms: Two-way ANOVA indicated significant main effect of LPS (p < 0.01), no significant main effect of β-FNA (p = 0.71), and a significant interaction of main effects (p < 0.0001) on time spent in the closed arms of the EPM (n = 5–6/group). Pairwise comparisons were assessed using Fisher's LSD test; bars with letters in common indicate data are not significantly different (p > 0.05). B Time spent motionless: Two-way ANOVA indicated significant main effect of LPS (p < 0.005), no significant main effect of β-FNA (p = 0.12), and a significant interaction of main effects (p < 0.001) on time spent motionless in EPM (n = 5–8/group). C Total distance moved: Two-way ANOVA indicated significant main effect of LPS (p < 0.001), no significant main effect of β-FNA (p = 0.26), and a significant interaction of main effects (p < 0.05) on total distance moved in EPM (n = 6–8/group). D Time spent in a contracted position: Two-way ANOVA indicated significant main effects of LPS (p < 0.0001) and β-FNA (p < 0.0005), as well as a significant interaction of main effects (p < 0.0001) on time spent in a contracted position (n = 6–7/group). Pairwise comparisons were assessed using Fisher's LSD test; bars with letters in common indicate data are not significantly different (p > 0.05)