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. 2024 Sep 2;21:33. doi: 10.1186/s12950-024-00407-9

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Chronic effects of β-FNA on LPS-induced elevations of CCL2 in male C57BL/J6 mice. Micro-osmotic pumps containing saline or β-FNA (42 μg/d) were surgically implanted and dispensed at a flow rate of 0.5 μL/h for 7d. 6d post-surgery, mice (n = 7–8/group) were injected (i.p.) with either 25 μL saline control or LPS (0.83 mg/kg). Behavioral tests were administered 24 h later, and termination followed immediately after. CCL2 was measured via ELISA in (A) frontal cortex, (B) hippocampus, and (C) spleen tissues. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. A Two-ANOVA (n = 5–7/group) indicated that there was no significant main effect for LPS (p = 0.33) or β-FNA (p = 0.11) on CCL2 levels in the frontal cortex, but there was a significant interaction of main effects (p < 0.0001). B Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of LPS (p < 0.005), no significant main effect of β-FNA (p = 0.55), and a significant interaction of main effects (p < 0.005) on CCL2 levels in the hippocampus (n = 6–7/group). C Two-way ANOVA (n = 5–8/group) suggested a main effect for LPS (p < 0.0001) and β-FNA (p < 0.0001) on CCL2 levels in the spleen, but no interaction of main effects (p = 0.24). Pairwise comparisons were assessed using Fisher's LSD test; bars with letters in common indicate data are not significantly different (p > 0.05)