Table 2.

Bidirectional MR results for the relationship between COPD and the relative abundance of Streptococcus intermedius

Directionality	MR methods	Number of SNPs	F-statistic	beta	se	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Effect of COPD on S. intermedius	IVW	11	42	0.93	0.31	2.53 (1.38,4.70)	0.0028
	Weighted median	11	42	1.23	0.41	3.42 (1.54,7.64)	0.0029
	Weighted mode	11	42	1.46	0.65	4.31 (1.17,15.83)	0.048
	Simple mode	11	42	1.34	0.73	3.82 (0.90,16.30)	0.095
	MR-Egger	11	42	2.20	1.77	9.03 (0.28,294.23)	0.25
Effect on S. intermedius on COPD	IVW	14	31	0.0076	0.01	1.00 (0.99,1.03)	0.42
	Weighted median	14	31	0.013	0.013	1.01 (0.99,1.04)	0.33
	Weighted mode	14	31	0.015	0.02	1.02 (0.98,1.06)	0.46
	Simple mode	14	31	0.016	0.021	1.02 (0.97,1.06)	0.47
	MR-Egger	14	31	0.021	0.038	1.02 (0.95,1.10)	0.59

MR Mendelian randomization, IVW Inverse variance weighted, beta Beta coefficient, se Standard error, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval