Fig. 9.

Mechanism of MD induced autophagy but inhibited pyroptosis. MD promoted autophagy to inhibit pyroptosis through the ROS-AMPK signaling pathway of primary hepatocyte in grass carp. ROS, reactive oxygen species; LKB1, liver kinase B1; p-AMPK, phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase; ULK1, Unc-51-like kinase 1; LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; p62, sequestosome 1; NLRP3, NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3; ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; CASP-1, cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; GSDME, gasdermin E