Table 2.

Details of quality assessment with QUADAS scale diagnostic quality evaluation form

Study, year	Patient selection				Index test			Reference standard			Flow and timing
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	Q6	Q7	Q8	Q9	Q10	Q11	Q12	Q13	Q14
Tamai, 2005 [13]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Wang, 2023 [14]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Wang, 2021 [15]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Ren, 2015 [16]	Yes	No	Yes	High risk	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Kim, 2002 [17]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
He, 2015 [18]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Xie, 2016 [19]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Unclear	Yes	Yes
Gentili, 2020 [20]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	No	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Jung, 2012 [21]	Yes	Yes	No	High risk	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes
Liang, 2021 [8]	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes
Hu, 2014 [22]	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Unclear	Yes	Yes	No
Pei, 2010 [23]	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	No	Unclear	High risk	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes
Zhu, 2017 [24]	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Qu, 2023 [25]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Li, 2023 [26]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Lu, 2023 [27]	Yes	Yes	No	High risk	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Qiao, 2023 [28]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Low risk	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes