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. 2024 Sep 2;22:187. doi: 10.1186/s12915-024-01986-y

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — The phylogenetic analysis, admixture analyses, demographic inferences, and linkage disequilibrium analysis of plateau zokors and Gansu zokors. A Phylogenetic tree. B Principal component analysis (PCA). (a) PCA with PC1 and PC2; (b) PCA with PC1 and PC3. The circles represent populations of plateau zokors, and the triangles represent populations of Gansu zokors. Each color represents a different population. C Population genetic structure. The presence of each color represents new genetic information. D Demographic history. Estimated effective population sizes (Ne) and divergence times are shown. The numbers next to colored arrows indicate the per generation migration rates between populations. E Decay of linkage disequilibrium for different populations of plateau zokors and Gansu zokors. The horizontal axis indicates the distance between two points on the genome, and the vertical axis indicates the linkage unbalance coefficient