Table 3. Analysis of osteoporosis knowledge questions before and after the educational intervention (N=72).
| Questions | Pretest (correct), n (%) | Posttest (correct), n (%) | Pretest (incorrect), n (%) | Posttest (incorrect), n (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domain: risk factors of osteoporosis | ||||||
| 1. Eating a diet low in dairy products | 40 (56) | 54 (75) | 32 (44) | 18 (25) | .01 | |
| 2. Being menopausal; “change of life” | 26 (36) | 50 (69) | 46 (64) | 22 (31) | <.001a | |
| 3. Having a parent or grandparent who has osteoporosis | 29 (40) | 56 (78) | 43 (60) | 16 (22) | <.001a | |
| 4. Being a White or Asian woman | 5 (7) | 28 (39) | 67 (93) | 44 (61) | <.001a | |
| 5. Being an elderly | 43 (60) | 46 (64) | 29 (40) | 26 (36) | .73 | |
| 6. Having ovaries surgically removed | 10 (14) | 41 (57) | 62 (86) | 31 (43) | <.001a | |
| 7. Taking cortisone (steroids; eg, prednisone) for a long time | 25 (35) | 43 (60) | 47 (65) | 29 (40) | .001 | |
| 8. Being overweight | 33 (46) | 53 (74) | 39 (54) | 19 (26) | .001 | |
| 9. Having an eating disorder | 34 (47) | 53 (74) | 38 (53) | 19 (26) | .003 | |
| 10. Consuming more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day | 37 (51) | 62 (86) | 35 (49) | 10 (14) | <.001a | |
| 11. Smoking on a daily basis | 38 (53) | 55 (76) | 34 (47) | 17 (24) | .003 | |
| Domain: exercise | ||||||
| 12. To strengthen bones, it is recommended that a person exercises at a moderately intense level for 30 min a day at least.... (answer: 7 days a week) | 3 (4) | 26 (36) | 69 (96) | 46 (64) | <.001a | |
| 13. Exercise makes bones strong, but it must be hard enough to make breathing.... (answer: much faster, but talking is possible) | 35 (49) | 54 (75) | 37 (51) | 18 (25) | .001 | |
| 14. Which of the following activities is the best way to reduce a person’s chance of getting osteoporosis? (answer: walking briskly) | 6 (8) | 25 (35) | 66 (92) | 47 (65) | <.001a | |
| 15. Which of the following activities is the best way to reduce a person’s chance of getting osteoporosis? (answer: lifting weights) | 8 (11) | 28 (39) | 64 (89) | 44 (61) | <.001a | |
| 16. Which of the following activities is the best way to reduce a person’s chance of getting osteoporosis? (answer: jogging or running) | 58 (81) | 70 (97) | 14 (19) | 2 (3) | .004 | |
| 17. Which of the following activities is the best way to reduce a person’s chance of getting osteoporosis? (answer: aerobic dancing) | 59 (82) | 64 (89) | 13 (18) | 8 (11) | .38 | |
| Domain: calcium & vitamin D | ||||||
| 18. Which of these is the best source of calcium? (answer: cheese) | 52 (72) | 64 (89) | 20 (28) | 8 (11) | .12 | |
| 19. Which of these is the best source of calcium? (answer: canned sardines) | 14 (19) | 44 (61) | 58 (81) | 28 (39) | <.001a | |
| 20. Which of these is the best source of calcium? (answer: broccoli) | 37 (51) | 53 (74) | 35 (49) | 19 (26) | .005 | |
| 21. Which of these is the best source of calcium? (answer: yogurt) | 56 (78) | 67 (93) | 16 (22) | 5 (7) | .003 | |
| 22. Which of these is the best source of calcium? (answer: ice cream) | 6 (8) | 35 (49) | 66 (92) | 37 (51) | <.001a | |
| 23. Which of these is the best source of calcium? (answer: almonds) | 19 (26) | 39 (54) | 53 (74) | 33 (46) | .001 | |
| 24. Which of the following is the recommended amount of calcium intake for an adolescent? (answer: 1300 mg daily) | 16 (22) | 54 (75) | 56 (78) | 18 (25) | <.001a | |
| 25. How much milk must an adolescent drink to meet the recommended amount of calcium? (answer: 3 or more glasses daily) | 18 (25) | 47 (65) | 54 (75) | 25 (35) | <.001a | |
| 26. Which vitamin is required for absorption of calcium? (answer: vitamin D) | 37 (51) | 55 (76) | 35 (49) | 17 (24) | .003 | |
| 27. Which is the best source of the vitamin required for the absorption of calcium? (answer: sunlight) | 25 (35) | 51 (71) | 47 (65) | 21 (29) | <.001a | |
| 28. Which is the best food source of the vitamin required for the absorption of calcium? (answer: salmon) | 15 (21) | 42 (58) | 57 (79) | 30 (42) | <.001a | |
| 29. Which of the following is the recommended amount of the vitamin required for the absorption of calcium for an adolescent? (answer: 15 µg daily) | 18 (25) | 47 (65) | 54 (75) | 25 (35) | <.001a | |
| Domain: general knowledge on bone health | ||||||
| 30. When is the best time to build strong bones? (answer: adolescence) | 67 (93) | 70 (97) | 5 (7) | 2 (3) | .45 | |
| 31. Osteoporosis can be diagnosed by.... (answer: DXAb scan) | 42 (58) | 58 (81) | 30 (42) | 14 (19) | .002 | |
| 32. Once you have osteoporosis.... (answer: you can take medication to treat it) | 19 (26) | 42 (58) | 53 (74) | 30 (42) | <.001a | |
a
McNemar test.
b
DXA: dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.