Table 2.
Analysis of Variations in Blood Pressure, Blood Lipids, and Other Parameters Based on HbA1c Classification
| Variables | HbA1c, % | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <6.3 | 6.3–7.2 | 7.2–8.6 | >8.6 | P value | |
| Age, y | 55.77 ± 10.08 | 59.0 ± 9.25 | 58.21 ± 9.64 | 55.86 ± 9.96 | <0.001 |
| Sex, n | 0.085 | ||||
| Male | 202 (44.8) | 203 (48.1) | 220 (52.0) | 219 (52.3) | |
| Female | 249 (55.2) | 219 (51.9) | 203 (48%) | 200 (47.7) | |
| BMI, kg/m² | 25.83 ± 3.85 | 26.04 ± 3.46 | 26.35 ± 3.45 | 26.06 ± 3.77 | 0.198 |
| WC, cm | 88.02 ± 9.67 | 89.67 ± 9.67 | 91.09 ± 9.58 | 90.57 ± 9.87 | <0.001 |
| Waist groups, n | 234 (51.9) | 255 (60.4) | 269 (63.6) | 253 (60.4) | 0.003 |
| Years of diabetes, n | 5.94 ± 4.46 | 8.01 ± 5.75 | 8.92 ± 6.19 | 9.66 ± 5.56 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n | 245 (54.3) | 231 (54.7) | 208 (49.2) | 175 (41.8) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n | 278 (61.6) | 275 (65.2) | 287 (67.8) | 282 (67.3) | 0.202 |
| Current smoking, n | 84 (18.6) | 59 (14.0) | 96 (22.7) | 98 (23.4) | 0.002 |
| Current alcohol drinking, n | 128 (28.4) | 102 (24.2) | 130 (30.7) | 120 (28.6) | 0.191 |
| Physical activity | 299 (66.3) | 276 (65.4) | 273 (64.5) | 280 (66.8) | 0.903 |
| Laboratory results, mmol/L | |||||
| TC | 5.13 ± 1.17 | 5.00 ± 1.08 | 5.11 ± 1.09 | 5.47 ± 1.35 | <0.001 |
| TG | 2.17 ± 2.77 | 2.00 ± 1.54 | 2.28 ± 2.01 | 2.90 ± 3.70 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C | 3.02 ± 0.94 | 2.99 ± 0.95 | 3.05 ± 0.93 | 3.20 ± 1.04 | 0.009 |
| HDL-C | 1.49 ± 0.42 | 1.42 ± 0.38 | 1.40 ± 0.40 | 1.41 ± 0.46 | 0.012 |
| Family history, n | |||||
| Family history of diabetes | 173 (38.4) | 191 (45.3) | 193 (45.6) | 210 (50.1) | 0.006 |
| Family history of obesity | 135 (29.9) | 131 (31.0) | 137 (32.4) | 150 (35.8) | 0.283 |
| Family history of coronary heart disease | 101 (22.4) | 89 (21.1) | 78 (18.4) | 79 (18.9) | 0.418 |
| Family history of stroke | 112 (24.8) | 103 (24.4) | 96 (22.7) | 82 (19.6) | 0.247 |
| Family history of malignant tumor | 92 (20.4) | 87 (20.6) | 80 (18.9) | 99 (23.6) | 0.394 |
| Family history of hyperlipidemia | 109 (24.2) | 100 (23.7) | 85 (20.1) | 109 (26.0) | 0.229 |
| Family history of hypertension | 282 (62.5) | 259 (61.4) | 263 (62.2) | 257 (61.3) | 0.979 |
| Insulin/oral medicine/no medication taken, n | 0.135 | ||||
| Insulin | 54 (12.0) | 47 (11.1) | 40 (9.5) | 60 (14.3) | |
| Oral medicine | 342 (75.8) | 306 (72.5) | 316 (74.7) | 309 (73.7) | |
| No medication taken | 55 (12.2) | 69 (16.4) | 67 (15.8) | 50 (11.9) | |
| Antihypertensive drugs, n | 207 (45.9) | 200 (47.4) | 181 (42.8) | 152 (36.3) | 0.006 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs, n | 63 (14.0) | 67 (15.9) | 71 (16.8) | 44 (10.5) | 0.047 |
Notes: Data are presented as means ± standard deviation, or numbers (percentage (%)). HbA1c indicates glycosylated haemoglobin.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol.