Table 3.
Association Between Blood Glucose Control Levels and Hypertension Risk, with Further Adjustment for the Use of Antihypertensive Drugs
| Traits | Crude Model | Adjusted Model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| FPG | ||||
| FPG <7.13 mmol/L | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| 7.13≤ FPG ≤8.72 mmol/L | 0.93 (0.68–1.27) | 0.657 | 1.03 (0.57–1.86) | 0.919 |
| 8.72< FPG ≤10.93 mmol/L | 0.75 (0.53–1.06) | 0.101 | 0.87 (0.44–1.72) | 0.693 |
| FPG >10.93 mmol/L | 0.81 (0.54–1.20) | 0.294 | 0.81 (0.37–1.76) | 0.596 |
| HbA1c | ||||
| HbA1c ≤6.3% | 1 (reference) | |||
| 6.3< HbA1c ≤7.2% | 0.85 (0.62–1.16) | 0.310 | 0.69 (0.39–1.22) | 0.202 |
| 7.2< HbA1c ≤8.6% | 0.68 (0.48–0.97) | 0.032 | 0.49 (0.25–0.95) | 0.036 |
| HbA1c >8.6% | 0.58 (0.39–0.87) | 0.008 | 0.45 (0.20–0.97) | 0.042 |
| BMI | ||||
| BMI< 25kg/m² | 1 (reference) | |||
| 25≤ BMI <30kg/m² | 1.53 (1.16–2.02) | 0.002 | 1.61 (1.06–2.45) | 0.026 |
| BMI≥30kg/m² | 2.22 (1.51–3.28) | <0.0001 | 2.04 (1.22–3.71) | 0.019 |
| Central obesity | 1.12 (0.81–1.54) | 0.501 | 0.81 (0.40–1.66) | 0.087 |
| Family history of hypertension | 2.81 (2.26–3.50) | <0.0001 | 2.04 (1.34–3.10) | 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1.75 (1.40–2.18) | <0.0001 | 2.36 (1.47–3.77) | <0.0001 |
| Physical activity | 1.06 (0.85–1.32) | 0.613 | 0.93 (0.62–1.40) | 0.736 |
| WC | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | 0.168 | 1.03 (0.10–1.09) | 0.087 |
| Age | 1.06 (1.05–1.07) | <0.0001 | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | 0.003 |
Note: Adjusted for the use of antihypertensive drugs.
Abbreviations: FPG indicates fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c indicates glycosylated haemoglobin; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; Central obesity is defined as a sex-specific android to gynoid fat mass ratio (A/G ratio) above the median; Physical activity indicates aerobic exercise/resistance exercise.