Table 1.
Barrier and Facilitator of Early Palliative Care
| Level | Theme | Category | Study |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individual | Knowledge and Information | B: Lack of knowledge about palliative care | Bandieri et al (2023)21 |
| B: Misconception about early palliative care with end-of-life care | Bandieri et al (2023)21 | ||
| F: Awareness difference between early and late palliative care | Bandieri et al (2023)21 | ||
| F: Palliative care meaning and benefit | Hannon et al (2016);17 Bandieri et al (2023)21 |
||
| Emotional | B: Fear and avoid reaction | Bandieri et al (2023)21 | |
| B: Being alone in taking care | Preisler et al (2018)22 | ||
| Attitude | B: Lack of treatment adherence | Iyer et al (2020)23 | |
| B: Patient readiness | Dhollander et al (2018)24 | ||
| Benefit | B: Lack of perceived benefits due to minimal symptom reporting by the patients | Hannon et al (2016)21 | |
| Interpersonal | Family support | F: Involving a family caregiver | Iyer et al (2020)23 |
| Healthcare professionals and policy | Education | B: Misconception of palliative care and end-of-life care | Iyer et al (2020);23 Bandieri et al (2023)21 |
| B: Lack of HCP team knowledge of oncology | Dhollander et al (2018);24 Bandieri et al (2023)21 | ||
| B: Lack of HCP team knowledge of on referral procedures | Dhollander et al (2018)24 | ||
| B: Lack of interprofessional collaboration | Dhollander et al (2018)24 | ||
| F: Train specialist doctor in primary care | Iyer et al (2020)23 | ||
| F: Clearly define palliative care | Iyer et al (2020)23 | ||
| Lack of delivering information | B: Inadequate delivery of procedure information | Preisler et al (2018)22 | |
| B: Inadequate delivery of diagnosis and treatment information | Preisler et al (2018)22 | ||
| Clinician barrier | B: Unclear timing | Iyer et al (2020)23 | |
| B: Fear of giving opioids for symptom management | Iyer et al (2020)23 | ||
| B: Complex management with exacerbation and complex symptom | Iyer et al (2020)23 | ||
| F: Consensus on referral criteria | Iyer et al (2020)23 | ||
| Operational | B: Limited time available for in-clinic palliative care provision | Iyer et al (2020)23 | |
| B: Reimburse | Iyer et al (2020)23 | ||
| B: Lack of financial resource | Dhollander et al (2018)24 | ||
| Human resources | B: Workforce shortage | Iyer et al (2020)23 | |
| F: Increase the number of palliative care provider | Iyer et al (2020)23 | ||
| Model of care | F: Increase multidisciplinary healthcare that provides palliative care | Iyer et al (2020)23 | |
| F: Develop a delivery care model of palliative care | Iyer et al (2020)23 | ||
| Community | Knowledge and Information | B: Social perception of palliative care | Dhollander et al (2018)24 |
| B: Lack of social information | Bandieri et al (2023)21 |
Abbreviations: B, Barrier; F, Facilitator; HCP, Healthcare professional.