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. 2024 Aug 29;17:2055–2065. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S467471

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© 2024 Teng et al.

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Tests on the validity of parallel assumptions for the whole sample. We replaced the DIP dummy in equation (1), with the interaction terms of a series of year–month dummies and the treatment group dummy. The DIP payment reform was implemented in January 2022, and the horizontal axis represented months since the DIP implementation. We selected the first study month (January 2021) as the reference period. A–E depict changes in differences of the outcomes (total expenditure per case, in-hospital mortality, all-cause readmission within 30 days, severe patients, and RW per case) relative to the reference period for the entire sample between the W and Z cities.