TABLE 3.

Observational studies for nuclear medicine applications in ischemic stroke diagnosis.

NCT Number	Study Title	Conditions	Interventions	Primary/Secondary Outcome Measures	Enrollment/ Age	Study Design	Location
NCT 00001324 (54)	PET scan to study brain control of human movement	Ataxia, cerebrovascular accident, movement disorder, tremor	PET scan	• Investigate brain activity and regional cerebral blood flow using radioactive water (h215o) and PET scan • Stimulate the areas of brain responsible for voluntary motor activity and sensations	510 Children, adults	Time prospective	United States
Boukrina et al. (55) NCT 03349411	Spatial neglect and delirium after stroke	Stroke, delirium, spatial neglect (right brain ischemia)	Diffusion, structural MRI, Florida mental status exam, Montreal cognitive assess, Kessler foundation neglect	• Estimate the correlation of right-dominant brain networks as brain biomarkers of behavioural signs and severity of delirium detection from spatial neglect such as arousal, attention, activity, structural integrity, functional connectivity, confusion assessment method within 1 week	45 adults, older adults	Patient registry, cohort, time prospective	United States
NCT 03974464 (56)	Copeptin and the S-100b protein in stroke	Stroke with vertigo in emergency department	S-100 b protein assay, copeptin, and brain MRI	• Evaluated the value of using copetin and protein S-100b to eliminate stroke diagnosis in patients presenting with vertigo in emergency departments	151 adults, older adults	Time prospective	United States
Lyu et al. (57) NCT 02580097	MR-based stroke mechanism and future risk score	Acute stroke	Diffusion-weighted image MRI	• Predicting multimodal for imaging evaluation of hemodynamic status and antegrade flow of final infarct volume and growth within 7 days to 1 month • Follow up by assessment of modified Rankin score within 3 months and neurological mortality outcome assessment within 1 year	961 adults, older adults	Patient registry, Case-only, time prospective	China
NCT 02576743 (58)	Pushing spatiotemporal limits for 4d flow MRI and dynamic MRA in brain at ultra-high field	Stroke aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations	4d flow MRI data acquired at ultra-high field strength (7 tesla)	• Investigate the brain blood flow hemodynamic with high spatiotemporal resolution, peak blood velocity, and wall shear stress parameters within 2 years	90 adults, older adults	Case-control, time prospective	United States
NCT 02033291 (59)	Blood-brain barrier quantification in cerebral small vessel disease	Cortical stroke, cerebral small vessel disease, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, hypertension, diabetes	Dynamic contrast-enhanced brain MRI	• Pharmacokinetic parameter values evaluated as a function of scan duration to obtain the shortest scan duration without compromising the reliability of blood brain barrier permeability • Quantify outcome measures to determine the reproducibility of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI method (within day 1 and 2, and 4 weeks)	17 adults, older adults	Case-only, time prospective	Netherland
Dale et al. (60) NCT 02308605	Smartcap stroke study: a field deployable blood test for stroke	Stroke	Smartcap for purines measure as early biomarker of brain ischemia	• To developed new biosensor technology to rapidly measure purines (cellular starved of oxygen and glucose) in freshly drawn blood • Identify ischemic versus haemorrhagic strokes by combining purine measurements, in blood within 30 minutes down to 5 minutes, CT scans within 24 hours to 7 days	217 Children, Adults, older adults	Case-control, time prospective	United Kingdom
NCT 04983927 (61)	Evaluation of clinical decision support system for scoring of Alberta stroke program early CT Score (ASPECT) score using CT image	Ischemic stroke	Caspects, large vessel occlusion who undergo endovascular revascularization	• Evaluate efficacy of caspects software for scoring ASPECT compared to the sensitivity and specificity by automatically analysing brain CT and mean difference calculated by human experts and caspects (within 4 weeks) for clinical decision support system	326 adults, older adults	Case-control, time prospective	Korea
NCT 01764763 (62)	Intraoperative epiaortic scan for preventing early stroke after off-pump coronary artery bypass	Coronary artery occlusive disease	Epiaortic ultrasound as an intraoperative tool to assess ascending aorta disease early stroke after off-pump coronary artery bypass	• Predicting number of incidences of early stroke from surgery to discharge with an expected average of 5 weeks	2292 adults, older adults	Cohort, time retrospective	Korea
NCT 02793362 (63)	Measurement of sarcopenia post-stroke rehabilitation outcome	Stroke sarcopenia	Effect of sarcopenia on post-stroke hemiplegia recovery	• Quantify post-stroke loss of muscle mass validity using echo intensity elastography • Change in Korean modified Barthel index score, berg balance, fatigue, functional oral intake, motricity index scales, from initial evaluation to the final evaluation within 8, 12, and 16 weeks	70 adults, older adults	Cohort, time prospective	Korea
Langer et al. (64) NCT 05145855	The effects of offline anosognosia for spatial neglect on neglect rehabilitation	Hemispatial neglect, hemiplegia, right hemispheric stroke, anosognosia	Patient-tailored multimodal hemispatial neglect rehabilitation	• Investigate relationship between decrease in anosognosia for neglect, improvement of spatial deficits using catherine bergego scale activities of daily living • Prevalence of extinction on visual, auditory, tactile double simultaneous stimulation test, functional ambulation, independence measurement, Brunnstrom stage of upper and lower extremity sensorimotor functions, recovery status before and after rehabilitation	85 adults, older adults	Cohort, time retrospective	Turkey