Table 2. Pre- and postoperative JOABPEQ scores.

The patient is required to respond to 25 questions, from which five independent functional scores are calculated according to a predefined formula. Each functional score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better functional status.

JOABPEQ: Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire

	Preoperative	Postoperative 6 months	Postoperative 1 year	Postoperative 2 years
Low back pain	0	57	71	71
Lumbar function	50	25	42	17
Walking ability	0	86	64	86
Social life function	24	57	51	57
Mental health	29	54	49	54