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Scale ranges from 0 to 100, with lower scores indicating better functional status.
VAS: Visual Analog Scale
| Preoperative | Postoperative 6 months | Postoperative 1 year | Postoperative 2 years | |
| Low back pain (mm) | 30.7 | 20.8 | 9.8 | 3.6 |
| Leg pain (mm) | 92.3 | 14.6 | 5.8 | 5.4 |
| Leg numbness (mm) | 15.3 | 23 | 3.9 | 0 |
