Table 6:

Error analysis results on sampled data

Suggested Aberrant Behaviors
Confused as Confirmed Aberrant Behaviors	2
Clinician’s concern about non-opioid	1
Annotation error	1
Patient’s request for a higher or specific opioid	1
Obtaining opioids from multiple-medical sources	2
Obtaining opioids from non-medical sources	1
Others	2

Confirmed Aberrant Behaviors
Opioid use without evidence of abusing	2
History of substance abuse	3
Confusion as Suggested Aberrant Behaviors	2
Negation	2
Substance abuse OTHER than prescription opioids	1
Self-escalating dose	3

Medication Change
Previous medication change	7
Recommendation	3
Clinician’s refusal to change medication	3
Follow-up appointment for medication changes	1
Annotation error	2
Others	1

Diagnosed Opioid Dependence
Substance use disorder other than opioids	1
Suspection	2
Other	1