TABLE I.
Summary Table of Discussed Robots*
| Robot (Vendor) | Platform | Type | Estimated Price (USD) | Guidance Method | Resection Method | Imaging | Safety Measures | FDA 510 (k) Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CORI (Smith & Nephew) | Closed | Semiactive | 500,000 | Optical | Handheld burr | None | • Retracting optically tracked burr | TKA + UKA (2020), Revision TKA (2022) |
| MAKO (Stryker) | Closed | Semiactive | 1,000,000 | Optical and image | Robotic arm with saw | CT | • Haptically bound arm | TKA + UKA (2015) |
| ROSA (Zimmer-Biomet) | Closed | Semiactive | 700,000 | Optical and image | Handheld saw and robotic arm with cut block | XR or MRI | • Arm with cut blocks bound to single plane • Cut verification tools |
TKA (2019), UKA (2021) |
| Velys (Smith & Nephew) | Closed | Semiactive | No data | Optical | Robotic arm with saw | None | • Haptically bound arm • Optically tracked saw |
TKA (2021), UKA (2024) |
| TSolution-One (THINK Surgical) | Open | Active | 650,000-800,000 | Optical | Robotic arm with milling tool | CT | • Virtual boundaries • Force and motion sensors |
TKA (2024) |
| TMINI (THINK Surgical) | Open | Cut-block holes only, semiactive | No data | Optical | Manual | None | • Virtual boundaries • Stereotactic guidance |
TKA (2023) |
*
TKA = total knee arthroplasty and UKA = unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Listed prices are based on publicly available manufacturer suggested retail price data from vendors or distributed vendor publications. Note that retail and maintenance contract prices vary widely and often negotiated in the purchase agreement between the vendor and hospital or practice. Disposables cost around $1,000 per case, but this also varies by system7,25,40,41,80.