Table 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with heart failure diagnosis enrolled in the Registro Colombiano de Insuficiencia Cardíaca (RECOLFACA) by type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis.
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus (N = 2514) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 1894) n (%) | Yes (n = 620) n (%) | Total n (%) | p value | ||
| Sex | 0.195 | ||||
| Female | 790 (41.7) | 277 (44.7) | 1067 (42.4) | ||
| Male | 1104 (58.3) | 343 (55.3) | 1447 (57.6) | ||
| Age (years) | 69 (59.78) | 69 (62.77) | 69 (59.78) | 0.443 | |
| Race | 0.400 | ||||
| Asian | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.0) | ||
| White | 85 (4.5) | 31 (5.0) | 116 (4.6) | ||
| Indigenous | 9 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 10 (0.4) | ||
| Hispanic | 1398 (73.8) | 455 (73.4) | 1853 (73.7) | ||
| Mestizo | 342 (18.1) | 116 (18.7) | 458 (18.2) | ||
| African-American | 60 (3.2) | 16 (2.6) | 76 (3.0) | ||
| Hypertension | 1283 (67.7) | 528 (85.2) | 1811 (72.0) | < 0.001 | |
| Alcoholism | 69 (3.6) | 17 (2.7) | 86 (3.4) | 0.284 | |
| Cancer | 75 (4.0) | 26 (4.2) | 101 (4.0) | 0.797 | |
| Depression | 34 (1.8) | 13 (2.1) | 47 (1.9) | 0.630 | |
| Dementia | 17 (0.9) | 5 (0.8) | 22 (0.9) | 0.833 | |
| Coronary disease | 482 (25.4) | 224 (36.1) | 706 (28.1) | < 0.001 | |
| COPD | 328 (17.3) | 113 (18.2) | 441 (17.5) | 0.606 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 456 (24.1) | 104 (16.8) | 560 (22.3) | < 0.001 | |
| Thyroid disease | 279 (14.7) | 109 (17.6) | 388 (15.4) | 0.088 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 257 (13.6) | 177 (28.5) | 434 (17.3) | < 0.001 | |
| Valvular disease | 342 (18.1) | 87 (14.0) | 429 (17.1) | 0.021 | |
| Smoking habits (former or current) | 341 (18) | 112 (18.1) | 453 (18) | 0.836 | |
| CABG | 109 (5.8) | 61 (9.8) | 170 (6.8) | < 0.001 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 427 (22.5) | 220 (35.5) | 647 (25.7) | < 0.001 | |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 475 (25.1) | 218 (35.2) | 693 (27.6) | < 0.001 | |
| Chagas’ disease | 76 (4.0) | 12 (1.9) | 88 (3.5) | 0.015 | |
| NYHA | 0.094 | ||||
| I | 241 (12.7) | 57 (9.2) | 298 (11.9) | ||
| II | 998 (52.7) | 352 (56.8) | 1350 (53.7) | ||
| III | 565 (29.8) | 182 (29.4) | 747 (29.7) | ||
| IV | 90 (4.8) | 29 (4.7) | 119 (4.7) | ||
| ACC/AHA classification | |||||
| C | 1792 (94.6) | 585 (94.4) | 2377 (94.6) | 0.805 | |
| D | 102 (5.4) | 35 (5.7) | 137 (5.5) | ||
| ACEI | 674 (35.6) | 172 (27.7) | 846 33.7) | < 0.001 | |
| ARB | 766 (40.4) | 303 (48.9) | 1069 (42.5) | < 0.001 | |
| Diuretics | 1257 (66.4) | 436 (70.3) | 1693 (67.3) | 0.068 | |
| Beta-blockers | 1639 (86.5) | 550 (88.7) | 2189 (87.1) | 0.162 | |
| ARNI | 176 (9.3) | 69 (11.1) | 245 (9.7) | 0.181 | |
| MRA | 1082 (57.1) | 317 (51.1) | 1399 (55.6) | 0.009 | |
| Ivabradine | 111 (5.9) | 39 (6.3) | 150 (5.9) | 0.790 | |
| Digoxin | 206 (10.9) | 45 (7.3) | 251 (10.0) | 0.009 | |
| Nitrates | 62 (3.3) | 29 (4.7) | 91 (3.6) | 0.104 | |
| Antiagregants | 804 (42.4) | 356 (57.4) | 1160 (46.1) | < 0.001 | |
| Statins | 984 (52.0) | 407 (65.6) | 1391 (55.3) | < 0.001 | |
| Anticoagulants | 506 (26.7) | 137 (22.1) | 643 (25.6) | 0.022 | |
| Pacemaker | 0.975 | ||||
| Dual-chamber | 73 (3.9) | 25 (4.0) | 98 (3.9) | ||
| Single-chamber | 37 (2.0) | 12 (1.9) | 49 (2.0) | ||
| Other implantable devices | 0.826 | ||||
| ICD | 286 (15.1) | 84 (13.6) | 370 (14.7) | ||
| Resynchronization therapy | 35 (1.8) | 13 (2.1) | 48 (1.9) | ||
| ICD + resynchronization therapy | 98 (5.2) | 29 (4.7) | 127 (5.1) | ||
| Sinus rhythm | 636 (33.6) | 231 (37.3) | 867 (34.5) | 0.094 | |
| QRS complex | |||||
| < 120 ms | 633 (33.4) | 200 (32.3) | 833 (33.1) | 0.785 | |
| > 120 ms | 42 (2.2) | 17 (2.7) | 59 (2.3) | ||
| LV diastolic diameter | 57 (48-65) | 55 (48-63) | 57 (48-65) | 0.045 | |
| LVEF | 32 (25-42) | 33 (25-42) | 33 (25-42) | 0.645 | |
| Hemoglobin (mg/dl) | 13 (12.14) | 12 (11.14) | 13 (12.14) | < 0,001 | |
| Anemia | 494 (35.4) | 232 (48.3) | 726 (38.7) | < 0,001 | |
| Serum creatinine | 1.1 (0.9-1.35) | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | < 0,001 | |
| GFR (ml/min/1,73 m3) | 59 (44.78) | 53 (36.74) | 57 (43.77) | < 0,001 | |
| Hyponatremia | 1079 (56.9) | 390 (62.9) | 240 (9.5) | < 0,001 | |
| Hyperkalemia | 113 (8.3) | 63 (12.6) | 176 (9.4) | 0,005 | |
| NT-proBNP | 2151 (855-5089) | 2795 (1002-6857) | 2255 (950-5594) | 0,101 | |
COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CABG: Coronary artery bypass grafting; NYHA: New York Heart Association; ACC/AHA: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association; ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blockers; ARNI: Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor; MRA: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; ICD: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator; LV: Left ventricle; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; GFR: Glomerular filtration rate; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide