Table 3. A bivariate analysis evaluating the association between the sociodemographic and clinical variables with short-term all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis of the Registro Colombiano de Insuficiencia Cardíaca (RECOLFACA).
| Alive (n = 565) n (%) | Dead (n =55) n (%) | Total (N = 620) n (%) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 250 (44.25) | 27 (49.09) | 277 (44.68) | 0.490 | |
| Male | 315 (55.75) | 28 (50.91) | 343 (55.32) | ||
| Age (years) | 69 (62.77) | 69 (63.79) | 69 (62.77) | 0.453 | |
| Race | |||||
| Asian | 1 (0.18) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.16) | ||
| White | 29 (5.13) | 2 (3.64) | 31 (5) | ||
| Indigenous | 1 (0.18) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.16) | 0.167 | |
| Hispanic | 420 (74.34) | 35 (63.64) | 455 (73.39) | ||
| Mestiza | 102 (18.05) | 14 (25.45) | 116 (18.71) | ||
| African-American | 12 (2.12) | 4 (7.27) | 16 (2.58) | ||
| Hypertension | 478 (84.60) | 50 (90.91) | 528 (85.16) | 0.209 | |
| Current alcoholism | 14 (2.48) | 3 (5.45) | 17 (2.74) | 0.197 | |
| Cancer | 21 (3.72) | 5 (9.09) | 26 (4.19) | 0.058 | |
| Coronary disease | 200 (35.40) | 24 (43.64) | 224 (36.13) | 0.225 | |
| COPD | 99 (17.52) | 14 (25.45) | 113 (18.23) | 0.146 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 92 (16.28) | 12 (21.82) | 104 (16.77) | 0.294 | |
| Thyroid disease | 96 (16.99) | 13 (23.64) | 109 (17.58) | 0.216 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 153 (27.08) | 24 (43.64) | 177 (28.55) | 0.009 | |
| Valvular disease | 80 (14.16) | 7 (12.73) | 87 (14.03) | 0.770 | |
| Smoking habits (former or current) | 96 (16.99) | 16 (29.09) | 112 (18.06) | 0.026 | |
| CABG | 57 (10.09) | 4 (7.27) | 61 (9.84) | 0.503 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 206 (36.46) | 14 (25.45) | 220 (35.48) | 0.103 | |
| Chagas disease | 11 (1.95) | 1 (1.82) | 12 (1.94) | 0.947 | |
| NYHA | |||||
| I | 54 (9.56) | 3 (5.45) | 57 (9.19) | ||
| II | 325 (57.52) | 27 (49.09) | 352 (56.77) | 0.167 | |
| III | 162 (28.67) | 20 (36.36) | 182 (29.35) | ||
| IV | 24 (4.25) | 5 (9.09) | 29 (4.68) | ||
| ACC/AHA classification | |||||
| C | 533 (94.34) | 52 (94.55) | 585 (94.35) | 0.949 | |
| D | 32 (5.66) | 3 (5.45) | 35 (5.65) | ||
| Triple therapy | 242 (42.83) | 24 (43.64) | 266 (42.90) | 0.908 | |
| Diuretics | 391 (69.20) | 45 (81.82) | 436 (70.32) | 0.051 | |
| Digoxin | 40 (7.08) | 5 (9.09) | 45 (7.26) | 0.583 | |
| Nitrates | 24 (4.25) | 5 (9.09) | 29 (4.68) | 0.104 | |
| Antiplatelet | 328 (58.05) | 28 (50.91) | 356 (57.42) | 0.306 | |
| Statins | 380 (67.26) | 27 (49.09) | 407 (65.65) | 0.007 | |
| Anticoagulants | 117 (20.71) | 20 (36.36) | 137 (22.10) | 0.008 | |
| Pacemaker | 0.054 | ||||
| Dual-chamber | 24 (4.25) | 1 (1.81) | 25 (4.42) | ||
| Single-chamber | 9 (1.59) | 3 (5.45) | 12 (2.12) | ||
| Other implantable devices | 0.181 | ||||
| ICD | 94 (16.64) | 12 (21.82) | 106 (17.10) | ||
| Resynchronization therapy | 10 (1.77) | 3 (5.45) | 13 (2.10) | ||
| ICD + resynchronization therapy | 27 (4.78) | 2 (3.62) | 29 (4.68) | ||
| Sinusal rhythm | 213 (68.93) | 18 (72) | 231 (69.16) | 0.749 | |
| Prolonged QRS complex | 126 (40.78) | 8 (32) | 134 (40.12) | 0.389 | |
| LV diastolic diameter | 55 (48.63) | 50.5 (3958) | 55 (4863) | 0.015 | |
| LVEF | 34 (25.43) | 28 (2040) | 33 (2542) | 0.101 | |
| Anemia | 212 (48.51) | 20 (46.51) | 232 (48.33) | 0.007 | |
| Serum creatinine | 1.2 (0.93-1.60) | 1.29 (1.1.8) | 1.2 (0.95-1.61) | 0.409 | |
| GFR (ml/min/1,73 m3) | 53.35 (36.05-75.24) | 52.37 (33.05-66.58) | 53.3 (35.71-74.21) | 0.521 | |
| Hyponatremia | 61 (14.59) | 9 (21.43) | 70 (15.22) | 0.240 | |
| Hyperkalemia | 54 (11.82) | 9 (20.45) | 63 (12.57) | 0.099 | |
| NT-proBNP | 2790 (1099-5896) | 9496 (996- 1671) | 2795 (1002-6857) | 0.254 |
COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CABG: Coronary artery bypass grafting; NYHA: New York Heart Association; ACC/AHA: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association; ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blockers; ARNI: Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin Inhibitor; MRA: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; ICD: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator; LV: Left ventricle; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; GFR: Glomerular filtration rate; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide