Table 2: Sample characteristics of the most cited studies of the Orthodontics area.
| Author/ year |
Population | Sample (n) and study design | Age in years Mean (SD) | Orthodontic technique | Methods used to detect EARR | Imaging exams | Evaluated tooth/teeth | Angle malocclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Qawasmi et al.
5
(2003) |
USA | n=118 (73 siblings and 45 parents) / Pretreatment and postreatment | 12.1 (1.89) | Full-banded comprehensive treatment | Harris et al. (1997) | Lateral cephalometric Panoramic radiographs |
Maxillary central incisor, Mandibular central incisor, Mandibular first molar, mesial root and Mandibular first molar, distal root | Class I Class II Class III |
| Al-Qawasmi et al.
27
(2003) |
USA | n=124 (79 siblings and 45 parents) | 12.3 (1.82) | Full-banded comprehensive treatment | Harris et al. (1997) |
Lateral cephalometric Panoramic radiographs |
Maxillary central incisor, Mandibular central incisor, Mandibular first molar, mesial root and Mandibular first molar, distal root | Class I Class II Class III |
| Bastos Lages et al.
6
(2009) |
Brazil | n = 61 EARR = 23 Control = 38 |
18.9 (5.2) | Straight wire | Linge and Linge’s method (1991) modified by Brezniak (2004) | Periapical radiographs | Maxillary incisors (central and lateral) | Class I Class II Class III |
| Sharab et al.
2
(2015) |
USA | n = 134 EARR = 67 Control = 67 |
EARR: 15.78 (1.13) Control: 15.79 (1.14) |
Edgewise | Malmgren et al. (1982) | Panoramic radiographs Occlusal radiographs |
Maxillary incisors (central and lateral) | NR |
| Gülden et al. 28 (2009) |
Germany | n = 258 EARR = 96 Control = 162 |
NR | NR | Linge and Linge’s method (1983) | Panoramic radiographs scanned | Canines, premolars and molars (mesial and distal roots) | NR |
| Iglesias-Linares et al. 29 (2017) | Spain | n=372 EARR = 174 Control = 198 |
NR | Removable aligners Straight wire | Harris et al. (1997) Al-Qawasmi et al. (2003) |
Panoramic radiographs | Maxillary incisors (central and lateral) | Class I Class II Class III |
| Iglesias-Linares et al.
47
(2013) |
Spain | n = 93 EARR = 39 Control = 54 |
EARR: 24.54 (5.85) Control: 23.89 (5.72) |
Straight wire | According to Linge and Linge’s method (1991) modified by Brezniak (2004) | Lateral cephalometric Panoramic radiographs |
Upper second root-filled premolars | Class I Class II Class III |
| Fontana et al.
20
(2012) |
Brazil | n = 377 EARR = 339 Control = 38 |
14.9 (NR) | Edgewise or Straight wire techniques | According to Linge and Linge’s method (1991) | Periapical radiographs | Maxillary central incisors | Class II, division 1 |
| Iglesias-Linares et al. 12 (2012) | Spain | n = 73 EARR = 30 Control = 43 |
23.78 (5.91) | Straight Wire | Linge and Linge (1991) modified by Brezniak (2004) | Lateral cephalometric Panoramic radiographs |
Upper premolars (vital and rooted teeth. Split-mouth and parallel group design) | Class I Class II Class III |
| Pereira et al.
18
(2014) |
Portugal | n = 195 Pretreatment and postreatment |
17.24 (6.8) | Hyrax and Straight wire | Linge and Linge’s method (1991) modified by Brezniak (2004) | Lateral cephalometric Panoramic radiographs |
Maxillary incisors (central, lateral) Maxillary canines |
Class I Class II Class III |
| Linhartova et al.
7
(2013) |
Czech Republic | n = 106 EARR = 32 Control = 74 |
15.2 (5.0) | Straight wire or segmental technique | Linge and Linge’s method (1991) modified by Brezniak (2004) | Lateral cephalometric Panoramic radiographs |
Maxillary incisors (central and lateral) |
Class I Class II Class III |
| Guo et al.
9
(2016) |
Han Chinese | n = 174 Pretreatment and postreatment | 14.07 (3.1) | Straight wire | NR | Cone beam computed tomography | Maxillary incisors (left central) | Class I Class II Class III |
| Iglesias-Linares et al.
21
(2014) |
Spain | n = 87 EARR = 37 Control = 50 |
EARR: 24.7 (5.95) Control: 23.8 (5.33) |
Straight wire | Linge and Linge’s method (1991) modified by Brezniak (2004) |
Lateral cephalometric Panoramic radiographs |
Maxillary incisors (central, lateral) | Class I Class II Class III |
| Tomoyasu et al.
17
(2009) |
Japan | n = 54 Case (EARR > 2.0 mm) = NR Control (EARR < 2.0 mm) = NR |
NR | NR | Harris et al. (1997) | Lateral cephalometric Panoramic radiographs |
Maxillary and mandibular central incisors Mandibular first molar mesial root and distal root |
Class I Class II Class III |
| *Borilova Linhartova et al.
19
(2017) |
Czech Republic | n = 99 EARR = 30 Control = 69 |
EARR: 14.6 (3.2) Control: 15.2 (5.3) |
Fixed orthodontic appliance therapy | Linge and Linge’s method (1991) modified by Brezniak (2004) | Lateral cephalometric Panoramic radiographs |
Maxillary incisors (central, lateral) | Class I Class II Class III |
NR = not reported, EARR = external apical root resorption.
*Most cited article in orthodontics, according to Figure 6.