Table 2. Distribution of positive responses to the 12 dimensions of patient safety assessed through the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, ac cording to the type of sector, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, 2022.

Patient safety dimensions	Type of sector (%)		p value*
	Open	Closed
1 - Teamwork within units	62.2	62.7	0.7481
2 - Supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety	65.7	67.5	0.015
3 - Organizational learning—continuous improvement	51.1	59.5	0.0996
4 - Management support for patient safety	40	45.7	0.1464
5 - Overall perceptions of patient safety	41.4	46.3	0.5897
6 - Feedback and communication about error	48.6	49.1	0.0077
7 - Communication openness	55.6	55.7	0.0156
8 - Frequency of events reported	53	54.4	0.6029
9 - Teamwork across units	31.9	39.2	0.0039
10 - Staffing	28.4	35.8	0.3583
11 - Handoffs and transitions	34.2	36.4	0.843
12 - Nonpunitive response to error	14.6	20.3	0.4166

^* Kruskal-Wallis.