Table 3. Distribution of positive responses to the 12 safety dimensions assessed through the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture according to the type of care provided to patients, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, 2022.

Patient safety dimensions	Tipo de Care (%)		p value*
	Direct	Indirect
1 - Teamwork within units	62.6	62.3	0.5256
2 - Supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety	65.7	74	0.2086
3 - Organizational learning—continuous improvement	56	62	0.0033
4 - Management support for patient safety	42.3	53.5	0.497
5 - Overall perceptions of patient safety	45.2	43	0.1183
6 - Feedback and communication about error	48.6	58.3	0.8998
7 - Communication openness	55.7	63.8	0.7259
8 - Frequency of events reported	53.9	54.9	0.8569
9 - Teamwork across units	37.5	47.5	0.074
10 - Staffing	34	31.1	0.0589
11 - Handoffs and transitions	35.8	33.8	0.3574
12 - Nonpunitive response to error	18.2	20.7	0.4737

^* Kruskal-Wallis.