Table 2.
Clinical and microbiological characteristics associated with bloodstream infection among adult hospitalized patients with carbapenem-resistant bloodstream infections (CRE-BSIs) and matched controls with carbapenem-susceptible bloodstream infections (CSE-BSIs) admitted to 18 European hospitals between March 2016 and November 2018
| Variables | Patients with CRE BSI (N = 73) | Matched patients with CSE BSI (N = 73) | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Type of BSI acquisitionb | |||
| Nosocomial | 47 (64.4) | 47 (64.4) | 1.000 |
| Community-onset healthcare-associated | 20 (27.4) | 20 (27.4) | |
| Strict community-acquired | 6 (8.2) | 6 (8.2) | |
| BSI sourcesb | |||
| Urinary tract | 27 (37.0) | 27 (37.0) | 1.000 |
| Pneumonia | 6 (8.2) | 6 (8.2) | |
| Intra-abdominal | 11 (15.1) | 11 (15.1) | |
| Intravascular catheter | 10 (13.7) | 10 (13.7) | |
| Other | 3 (4.1) | 3 (4.1) | |
| Unknown source | 16 (21.9) | 16 (21.9) | |
| Pathogen | |||
| Escherichia coli | 5 (6.8) | 30 (41.1) | <0.001 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 60 (82.2) | 25 (34.2) | |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 3 (4.1) | 7 (9.6) | |
| Other Enterobacteralesc | 5 (6.8) | 11 (15.1) | |
| Carbapenemase producer among CRE | 70 (95.9) | ||
| Type of carbapenemase | |||
| OXA-48 | 35 (50.0) | ||
| KPC (2/3) | 22 (31.4) | ||
| NDM-1 | 6 (8.6) | ||
| VIM (1/4) | 3 (4.3) | ||
| Two types identifiedd | 4 (5.7) |
BSI, bloodstream infection; CRE, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales; CSE, carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales.
aBased on univariable conditional logistic regression.
bMatching variable.
cFor patients with CRE BSI, other Enterobacterales included Klebsiella species not K. pneumoniae (n = 1), Enterobacter species not E. cloacae (n = 1), Serratia species (n = 1), Proteus mirabilis (n = 1) and Citrobacter freundii (n = 1). For matched patients with CSE BSI, other Enterobacteriaceae included Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 1), Enterobacter aerogenes (n = 1), Serratia marcescens (n = 3), P. mirabilis (n = 3), Citrobacter species (n = 1), Morganella morganii (n = 1) and Providencia rettgeri (n = 1).
dOXA-48 and NDM-1 (n = 2), KPC-2 and VIM-1 (n = 1), and KPC-3 and NDM-1 (n = 1).