Table 3.
Difference between systolic and diastolic ventricular and atrial function comparing normal with elevated NT-proBNP groups for systolic and diastolic functional parameters.
| EF ≥ 50% | EF <50% | Atrial fibrillation | ||||
| Group A | Group B | Group C | ||||
| n | 1716 | 72 | 162 | 12 | 61 | 11 |
| Low NT-proBNP | High NT-proBNP | Low NT-proBNP | High NT-proBNP | Low NT-proBNP | High NT-proBNP | |
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
|
| ||||||
| PACS (%) | 20.6 ± 6.0 | 19.8 ± 5.9 | 18.3 ± 7.1 | 13.8 ± 5.2∗ | 18.5 ± 7.2 | 10.5 ± 8.4∗ |
| ACS (%) | 26.1 ± 12.7 | 22.0 ± 10.1∗ | 19.4 ± 10.4 | 15.2 ± 7.0 | 23.3 ± 14.1 | 16.7 ± 12.0 |
| ATS (%) | 46.7 ± 15.2 | 42.0 ± 13.3∗ | 37.6 ± 13.9 | 29.0 ± 10.9∗ | 41.7 ± 18.1 | 27.1 ± 17.4 |
| Atrial SR S (1/s) | 2.45 ± 0.97 | 2.26 ± 0.92 | 2.09 ± 0.89 | 1.41 ± 0.62∗ | 2.12 ± 0.90 | 1.35 ± 0.93 |
| Atrial SR E (1/s) | −2.25 ± 1.03 | −1.98 ± 0.92∗ | −1.67 ± 0.73 | −1.27 ± 0.45 | −1.90 ± 0.99 | −1.46 ± 0.85 |
| Atrial SR A (1/s) | −2.90 ± 0.98 | −2.76 ± 1.17 | −2.66 ± 1.09 | −1.90 ± 0.81 | −2.58 ± 1.12 | −1.38 ± 0.95∗ |
| LASI (1/%) | 0.23 ± 0.16 | 0.28 ± 0.17∗ | 0.34 ± 0.27 | 0.45 ± 0.25 | 0.41 ± 1.04 | 1.06 ± 1.73 |
| MV E (cm/s) | 67.2 ± 16.2 | 64.8 ± 16.5 | 60.8 ± 15.7 | 54.0 ± 14.6 | 67.4 ± 21.3 | 83.2 ± 51.4 |
| MV A (cm/s) | 64.1 ± 15.4 | 64.6 ± 17.3 | 68.2 ± 16.1 | 71.2 ± 12.4 | 66 ± 17 | 62 ± 26 |
| MV E/A (1/1) | 1.10 ± 0.36 | 1.05 ± 0.33 | 0.93 ± 0.33 | 0.76 ± 0.15 | 1.05 ± 0.35 | 1.60 ± 1.05∗ |
| MV DT (ms) | 190 ± 47 | 211 ± 50∗ | 198 ± 48 | 182 ± 43 | 182 ± 47 | 190 ± 62 |
| LA volume index (ml/m2) | 22.7 ± 8.4 | 23.6 ± 10.9 | 21.5 ± 8.0 | 23.2 ± 11.9 | 23 ± 11 | 37 ± 24∗ |
| E/e´ () | 9.67 ± 3.22 | 10.5 ± 3.98∗ | 11.0 ± 4.3 | 12.8 ± 4.7 | 10.8 ± 5.8 | 12.7 ± 11.0 |
| TAPSE (cm) | 2.39 ± 0.40 | 2.33 ± 0.42 | 2.25 ± 0.41 | 1.91 ± 0.59∗ | 2.42 ± 0.53 | 2.02 ± 0.50∗ |
| TR PG (mmHg)‡ | 16.2 (6/20) | 16.5 (12/20) | 14.3 (3.8/17) | 14.9 (1.7/19) | 17.4 (3.1/17) | 21.7 (13/24) |
| Velocity basal septal E (cm/s) | −6.5 ± 2.1 | −5.9 ± 1.8∗ | −5.2 ± 1.8 | −4.5 ± 1.6 | −6.0 ± 2.1 | −6.3 ± 2.5 |
| Velocity basal lateral E (cm/s) | 8.4 ± 2.7 | 7.7 ± 2.6∗ | −6.5 ± 2.6 | −5.2 ± 2.6 | −7.6 ± 2.9 | −7.9 ± 2.9 |
| Velocity basal septal A (cm/s) | −7.5 ± 1.7 | −7.6 ± 1.7 | −7.2 ± 1.8 | −6.7 ± 2.3 | −6.8 ± 2.5 | −5.0 ± 2.8∗ |
| Velocity basal lateral A (cm/s) | −6.9 ± 2.5 | −7.4 ± 2.4 | −6.3 ± 3.0 | −6.0 ± 3.0 | −6.5 ± 2.8 | −4.7 ± 3.1∗ |
| LV Stoke volume (ml) | 85.7 ± 22.2 | 82.2 ± 20.1 | 84.8 ± 22.0 | 71.6 ± 14.6∗ | 91.6 ± 24.1 | 88.8 ± 12.0 |
| LV EF (%) | 56.8 ± 5.5 | 56.3 ± 4.3 | 43.3 ± 5.2 | 39.9 ± 9.9∗ | 55 ± 7 | 49 ± 9∗ |
| LV EDV (ml) | 129 ± 32 | 122 ± 39.7 | 140 ± 40 | 151 ± 41 | 140 ± 35 | 152 ± 64 |
| LV ESV (ml) | 43 ± 16 | 40 ± 23 | 56 ± 27 | 79 ± 46∗ | 48 ± 18 | 64 ± 61 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 119 ± 36 | 123 ± 39 | 130 ± 40 | 120 ± 256 | 128 ± 40 | 134 ± 25 |
| LV ES long strain (%) | −20.3 ± 2.7 | −19.7 ± 2.7 | −17.7 ± 3.1 | −15.0 ± 5.9∗ | −19.9 ± 4.1 | −18.4 ± 6.2 |
| LV PL SR S (1/s) | −1.20 ± 0.20 | −1.19 ± 0.20 | −1.12 ± 0.21 | −0.95 ± 0.38∗ | −1.17 ± 0.23 | −1.21 ± 0.34 |
| LV PL SR E (1/s) | 1.56 ± 0.34 | 1.43 ± 0.35∗ | 1.29 ± 0.33 | 1.09 ± 0.34∗ | 1.55 ± 0.44 | 1.54 ± 0.60 |
| LV PL SR A (1/s) | 1.11 ± 0.27 | 1.16 ± 0.26 | 1.02 ± 0.36 | 1.13 ± 0.32 | 1.09 ± 0.29 | 0.86 ± 0.27 |
PACS: peak atrial contraction strain; ACS: atrial conduit strain; ATS: atrial total strain; SR: strain rate; S: during systole; E: during early filling phase; A: during atrial contraction; LASI: left atrial stiffness index (E/E´/LA strain); MV: mitral valve; DT: deceleration time; LA: left atrium; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR PG: tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient; LV: left ventricle; EF: ejection fraction; EDV: end diastolic volume; ESV: end systolic volume; ES: end systolic; PL: peak longitudinal. ∗Pairwise comparisons with p < 0.05 for difference between groups with normal and high NT-proBNP; ‡median (IQR).