Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by the change of pulse pressure in the overall cohort.
| Overall (n = 8708) | Q1 (n = 1755) | Q2 (n = 1873) | Q3 (n = 1671) | Q4 (n = 1671) | Q5 (n = 1738) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔPP (hospitalization-discharge), mmHg | 3.9 ± 16.7 | −18.0 ± 9.9 | −3.8 ± 2.6 | 3.7 ± 2.0 | 11.3 ± 2.6 | 27.5 ± 11.2 | |
| Age, years | 70 ± 11 | 71 ± 11 | 69 ± 11 | 69 ± 11 | 70 ± 11 | 71 ± 11 | <0.001 |
| Women, n (%) | 1924 (22 %) | 384 (22 %) | 361 (19 %) | 356 (21 %) | 374 (22 %) | 449 (26 %) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.1 ± 3.8 | 24.0 ± 4.0 | 24.3 ± 3.8 | 24.2 ± 3.6 | 24.2 ± 4.0 | 24.1 ± 3.6 | 0.11 |
| Systolic BP at hospitalization, mmHg | 130 ± 23 | 115 ± 19 | 122 ± 17 | 127 ± 17 | 134 ± 18 | 151 ± 23 | |
| Systolic BP at discharge, mmHg, | 119 ± 16 | 127 ± 18 | 120 ± 16 | 118 ± 15 | 117 ± 15 | 115 ± 16 | |
| Diastolic BP at hospitalization, mmHg | 72 ± 15 | 72 ± 16 | 71 ± 14 | 71 ± 14 | 72 ± 15 | 74 ± 17 | |
| Diastolic BP at discharge, mmHg | 66 ± 10 | 65 ± 10 | 66 ± 10 | 65 ± 10 | 66 ± 10 | 66 ± 11 | |
| Heart rate at hospitalization, bpm | 74 ± 17 | 75 ± 18 | 73 ± 16 | 73 ± 16 | 73 ± 16 | 75 ± 19 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate at discharge, bpm | 68 ± 11 | 68 ± 12 | 68 ± 11 | 68 ± 10 | 68 ± 11 | 69 ± 11 | 0.67 |
| Current or ever smoker, n (%) | 1864 (39 %) | 365 (37 %) | 430 (42 %) | 364 (40 %) | 335 (38 %) | 370 (37 %) | 0.09 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 6906 (80 %) | 1364 (78 %) | 1478 (79 %) | 1314 (79 %) | 1381 (83 %) | 1369 (79 %) | 0.009 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 7180 (83 %) | 1457 (84 %) | 1516 (81 %) | 1363 (82 %) | 1384 (83 %) | 1460 (84 %) | 0.1 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 3680 (43 %) | 750 (43 %) | 796 (43 %) | 685 (41 %) | 701 (42 %) | 748 (43 %) | 0.75 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 6906 (80 %) | 1364 (78 %) | 1478 (79 %) | 1314 (79 %) | 1381 (83 %) | 1369 (79 %) | 0.009 |
| Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 600 (8 %) | 140 (9 %) | 111 (7 %) | 110 (7 %) | 110 (7 %) | 129 (8 %) | 0.12 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 453 (5 %) | 101 (6 %) | 99 (5 %) | 77 (5 %) | 88 (5 %) | 88 (5 %) | 0.66 |
| Previous hospitalization for HF, n (%) | 577 (7 %) | 134 (8 %) | 126 (7 %) | 102 (6 %) | 109 (7 %) | 106 (6 %) | 0.33 |
| Previous PCI, n (%) | 1835 (21 %) | 379 (22 %) | 386 (21 %) | 371 (22 %) | 367 (22 %) | 332 (19 %) | 0.15 |
| Previous CABG, n (%) | 481 (6 %) | 105 (6 %) | 97 (5 %) | 98 (6 %) | 87 (5 %) | 94 (5 %) | 0.75 |
| Previous MI, n (%) | 1364 (16 %) | 286 (16 %) | 312 (17 %) | 261 (16 %) | 275 (17 %) | 230 (13 %) | 0.029 |
| Previous history of stroke, n (%) | 931 (11 %) | 201 (12 %) | 199 (11 %) | 163 (10 %) | 156 (9 %) | 212 (12 %) | 0.042 |
| Acute coronary syndrome, n (%) | 3721 (43 %) | 718 (41 %) | 699 (37 %) | 643 (38 %) | 699 (42 %) | 962 (55 %) | <0.001 |
| Angiographic Findings, n (%) | |||||||
| LAD (including LMT) | 6475 (81 %) | 1317 (82 %) | 1398 (82 %) | 1223 (80 %) | 1231 (80 %) | 1306 (82 %) | 0.42 |
| RCA | 4924 (62 %) | 1037 (64 %) | 1027 (60 %) | 951 (62 %) | 935 (61 %) | 974 (61 %) | 0.11 |
| LCX | 4353 (55 %) | 923 (57 %) | 895 (52 %) | 827 (54 %) | 812 (53 %) | 896 (57 %) | 0.014 |
| Multiple vessel disease | 3997 (50 %) | 844 (52 %) | 827 (48 %) | 774 (51 %) | 740 (48 %) | 812 (51 %) | 0.1 |
| Triglyceride (median), mg/dL | 117[86, 165] | 115 [85, 158] | 115 [86, 166] | 120 [88, 171] | 122 [86, 169] | 115 [85, 163] | 0.022 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 47 ± 13 | 46 ± 13 | 47 ± 13 | 47 ± 13 | 47 ± 13 | 46.1 ± 13.1 | 0.2 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 96 ± 31 | 95 ± 30 | 95 ± 31 | 96 ± 31 | 97 ± 31 | 99.7 ± 31.2 | <0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 57 ± 14 | 57 ± 14 | 57 ± 14 | 58 ± 14 | 58 ± 14 | 57.5 ± 13.4 | 0.035 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 59 ± 24 | 55 ± 25 | 60 ± 23 | 60 ± 23 | 61 ± 24 | 59.3 ± 26.5 | <0.001 |
| BNP (median), pg/mL | 75 [29, 220] | 93 [33, 273] | 64 [25, 184] | 63 [28, 193] | 69 [27, 197] | 85 [33, 233] | <0.001 |
| Beta blockers, n (%) | 4927 (57 %) | 975 (56 %) | 1032 (55 %) | 924 (55 %) | 940 (56 %) | 1056 (60.8 %) | 0.003 |
| Statins, n (%) | 4671 (54 %) | 932 (53 %) | 1071 (57 %) | 933 (56 %) | 935 (56 %) | 800 (46.0 %) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HF, heart failure; LAD, left anterior descending artery; LCX, left circumflex artery; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LMT, left main trunk; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PP, pulse pressure; RCA, right coronary artery.