Table 2.
Association of pulse pressure change with major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events, revascularization, and heart failure due to hospitalization.
| ΔPP (hospitalization-discharge) | MACCE |
Revascularization |
HF hospitalization |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95 %CI) | p value | HR (95 %CI) | p value | HR (95 %CI) | p value | |
| Q1 (−18.0 ± 9.9 mmHg) | ||||||
| Overall (n = 1755) | 1.50 (1.11–2.02) | 0.008 | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) | 0.84 | 0.88 (0.63–1.23) | 0.45 |
| ACS (n = 718) | 1.58 (1.01–2.47) | 0.045 | 0.90 (0.66–1.21) | 0.48 | 0.70 (0.41–1.19) | 0.19 |
| CCS (n = 1037) | 1.47 (0.98–2.20) | 0.06 | 1.03 (0.81–1.30) | 0.81 | 1.06 (0.69–1.65) | 0.78 |
| Q2 (−3.8 ± 2.6 mmHg) | ||||||
| Overall (n = 1873) | 1.22 (0.90–1.67) | 0.21 | 0.99 (0.82–1.18) | 0.87 | 1.34 (0.98–1.83) | 0.07 |
| ACS (n = 699) | 1.47 (0.93–2.34) | 0.10 | 1.11 (0.84–1.49) | 0.46 | 1.29 (0.79–2.09) | 0.30 |
| CCS (n = 1174) | 1.09 (0.72–1.66) | 0.68 | 0.91 (0.73–1.15) | 0.44 | 1.39 (0.92–2.10) | 0.12 |
| Q3 (3.7 ± 2.0 mmHg) | ||||||
| Overall (n = 1671) | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| ACS (n = 643) | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| CCS (n = 1028) | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Q4 (11.3 ± 2.6 mmHg) | ||||||
| Overall (n = 1671) | 1.67 (1.24–2.26) | 0.001 | 1.21 (1.01–1.44) | 0.036 | 1.26 (0.90–1.74) | 0.17 |
| ACS (n = 699) | 1.76 (1.13–2.75) | 0.01 | 1.24 (0.94–1.64) | 0.13 | 1.08 (0.65–1.79) | 0.76 |
| CCS (n = 972) | 1.59 (1.06–2.39) | 0.03 | 1.19 (0.94–1.49) | 0.15 | 1.37 (0.89–2.45) | 0.16 |
| Q5 (27.5 ± 11.2 mmHg) | ||||||
| Overall (n = 1738) | 1.33 (0.98–1.82) | 0.07 | 1.13 (0.94–1.35) | 0.20 | 1.37 (1.00–1.88) | 0.05 |
| ACS (n = 962) | 1.26 (0.80–1.96) | 0.32 | 1.15 (0.88–1.51) | 0.30 | 1.16 (0.73–1.85) | 0.52 |
| CCS (n = 776) | 1.40 (0.91–2.16) | 0.13 | 1.11 (0.86–1.43) | 0.42 | 1.58 (1.03–2.45) | 0.04 |
Abbreviations: ACS, acute coronary syndrome; CCS, chronic coronary syndrome; HF, heart failure; MACCE, major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular event; PP, pulse pressure.
The final model was adjusted for age, sex, baseline PP, estimated glomerular filtration rate, number of coronary artery stenosis, brain natriuretic peptide, and left ventricular ejection fraction.