Table 4.
Exploratory outcomes by study arm
| Total | EDP | BOLSTER | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean change scores | m | (SD) | m | (SD) | m | (SD) |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale a | ||||||
| Change in patients’ depression | −0.90 | (4.24) | 0.62 | (3.28) | −2.58 | (4.62) |
| Change in patients’ anxiety | −1.64 | (3.29) | −0.95 | (3.12) | −2.37 | (3.39) |
| Change in caregivers’ depression | 0.65 | (2.31) | 0.85 | (1.99) | 0.40 | (2.76) |
| Change in caregivers’ anxiety | 0.09 | (3.19) | −0.38 | (3.25) | 0.70 | (3.16) |
| CAHPS Patient Experience Measures b | ||||||
| Change in care coordination | 1.46 | (18.57) | −5.56 | (18.52) | 8.48 | (16.18) |
| Change in symptom management | 10.53 | (24.68) | 9.04 | (27.93) | 12.03 | (21.61) |
| Change in clinician availability | 5.70 | (19.48) | 4.39 | (18.29) | 7.02 | (21.02) |
| Change in caregiver involvement | 4.05 | (34.11) | 7.89 | (38.24) | 0.00 | (29.70) |
| Change in communication | 1.97 | (12.91) | 0.44 | (11.27) | 3.51 | (14.52) |
| Short Form-12 b | ||||||
| Change in caregivers’ physical health | −1.87 | (4.87) | −2.03 | (5.00) | −1.67 | (5.03) |
| Change in caregivers’ mental health | −1.49 | (10.22) | −2.68 | (12.91) | −0.01 | (5.91) |
| Caregiver Reaction Assessment | ||||||
| Change in self-esteemb | 0.06 | (0.39) | −0.05 | (0.30) | 0.20 | (0.45) |
| Change in lack of family supporta | 0.02 | (0.55) | 0.15 | (0.54) | −0.18 | (0.52) |
| Change in impact on financesa | 0.00 | (0.55) | 0.17 | (0.54) | −0.22 | (0.50) |
| Change in impact on schedulea | 0.27 | (0.57) | 0.38 | (0.69) | 0.12 | (0.34) |
| Change in impact on healtha | 0.20 | (0.65) | 0.29 | (0.77) | 0.08 | (0.47) |
| Caregiver Preparedness Scale b | ||||||
| Change in caregiver preparedness | 0.34 | (0.70) | 0.35 | (0.63) | 0.33 | (0.82) |
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |
| Healthcare utilization | ||||||
| Procedures during enrollment | 0.9 | (1.0) | 1.1 | (1.0) | 0.7 | (1.0) |
| Days at home | 67.1 | (19.0) | 65.9 | (20.5) | 68.4 | (17.4) |
| Advance care planning | ||||||
| Goals of care conversation | 33 | (54.1) | 13 | (40.6) | 20 | (69.0) |
| Hospice discussion | 17 | (27.9) | 7 | (21.9) | 10 | (34.5) |
| Palliative care involvement | 29 | (47.5) | 14 | (43.8) | 15 | (51.7) |
| Limitation of life-sustaining treatment | 13 | (21.3) | 7 | (21.9) | 6 | (20.7) |
a
Lower scores are more desirable
b
Higher scores are more desirable
Abbreviations: EDP = Enhanced discharge planning, EHR = electronic health record