Table 1.
Study sample characteristics, 2017 and 2022
| 2017 (N = 11,728) | 2022 (N = 15,196) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age [years], mean ± SD | 80.6 ± 4.8 | 80.5 ± 4.7 |
| Female Sex (%) | 7,139 (60.9%) | 9,150 (60.2%) |
| Race | ||
| Asian (%) | 377 (3.2%) | 504 (3.3%) |
| Black (%) | 2,015 (17.2%) | 2,462 (16.2%) |
| White (%) | 3,510 (29.9%) | 4,724 (31.1%) |
| Other (%) | 3,785 (32.3%) | 4,685 (30.8%) |
| Unknown (%) | 2,041 (17.4%) | 2,821 (18.6%) |
| Ethnic group | ||
| Hispanic (%) | 3,288 (28.0%) | 4,041 (26.6%) |
| Non-Hispanic (%) | 6,399 (54.6%) | 8,334 (54.8%) |
| Unknown (%) | 2,041 (17.4%) | 2,821 (18.6%) |
| BMI [kg/m2], mean ± SD | 29.1 ± 5.6 | 28.6 ± 5.6 |
| Obese [>30 kg/m2], (%) | 4,817 (41.1%) | 5,741 (37.8%) |
| Neighbourhood poverty level | ||
| Low, (%) | 2,049 (17.5%) | 2,985 (19.6%) |
| Medium, (%) | 5,082 (43.3%) | 6,598 (43.4%) |
| High, (%) | 2,473 (21.1%) | 3,256 (21.4%) |
| Very High, (%) | 1,985 (16.9%) | 2,274 (15.0%) |
| Number of other Chronic conditions*, mean ± SD | 4.0 ± 1.9 | 5.3 ± 2.1 |
| Selected other chronic conditions (detail) | ||
| Heart failure, (%) | 2,122 (18.1%) | 3,921 (25.8%) |
| Hypertension, (%) | 10,802 (92.1%) | 14,768 (97.2%) |
| Chronic kidney disease**, (%) | 4,897 (41.8%) | 8,194 (53.9%) |
| Ischemic heart disease, (%) | 4,304 (36.7%) | 7,507 (49.4%) |
| COPD, (%) | 1,683 (14.4%) | 3,229 (21.2%) |
| Number of glucose-lowering medications, mean ± SD | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 1.0 |
| Glycosylated Haemoglobin [HbA1c %], mean ± SD | 7.3 ± 1.4 | 7.2 ± 1.4 |
| Systolic blood Pressure [mmHg], mean ± SD | 134.7 ± 19.9 | 134.1 ± 19.0 |
| Diastolic blood pressure [mmHg], mean ± SD | 71.3 ± 9.8 | 71.6 ± 9.9 |
*
Consists of the following conditions: stroke, heart failure, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, hyperlipidemia, depression, ischemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, COPD, asthma, arthritis, osteoporosis
**
Chronic Kidney Disease is defined as GFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2