Table 1.
Characteristics of overall patient sample and by ADRD diagnosis during 4-year follow-up period (N = 24,874)
| Overall Sample | ADRD Diagnosis During Follow-up | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||
| Characteristics | N = 24,874 | N = 15,973 | N = 8,901 |
| Age at start of care: mean (SD) | 76.6 (11.7) | 73.5 (11.8) | 82.2 (9.3) |
| Sex (female vs. male) | 65.2% | 64.7% | 66.0% |
| Race | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 66.4% | 65.3% | 68.4% |
| Black or African American | 15.3% | 15.6% | 14.8% |
| Other | 2.0% | 2.1% | 1.7% |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 5.0% | 5.1% | 4.7% |
| Hispanic | 11.4% | 11.9% | 10.5% |
| Lives alone | 46.6% | 45.5% | 48.5% |
| Type of impatient facility from which patient was discharged in 14 days prior to home care admission | |||
| Short-stay acute hospital | 57.3% | 62.2% | 48.4% |
| Inpatient rehabilitation facility | 8.7% | 9.1% | 7.9% |
| Skilled nursing facility | 8.4% | 8.3% | 8.4% |
| Long-term nursing facility, long-term care hospital, psychiatric hospital/unit, or other inpatient facility | 2.9% | 2.7% | 3.2% |
| Not discharged from an inpatient facility | 22.8% | 17.6% | 32.1% |
| Prior condition: impaired decision-making | 3.6% | 2.6% | 5.4% |
| Prior condition: intractable pain | 9.9% | 11.5% | 7.0% |
| Prior condition: memory loss | 1.7% | 0.8% | 3.5% |
| Prior condition: urinary incontinence | 12.9% | 9.7% | 18.6% |
| Hospitalization risk factors | |||
| Recent mental decline | 9.4% | 7.5% | 12.9% |
| Frailty | 25.5% | 22.8% | 30.2% |
| History of falls | 14.7% | 11.3% | 20.8% |
| Urinary incontinence or urinary catheter | 30.8% | 24.5% | 42.1% |
| Bowel incontinence frequency | |||
| Never or very rarely | 93.0% | 95.4% | 88.6% |
| Less than once a week or more often | 7.0% | 4.6% | 11.4% |
| Cognitive function | |||
| Alert/oriented | 79.0% | 85.4% | 67.5% |
| Requires prompting | 18.2% | 13.1% | 27.3% |
| Requires assistance, considerable assistance or totally dependent | 2.8% | 1.5% | 5.3% |
| When is the patient confused? | |||
| Never, in new situations, on awakening, or at night only | 98.2% | 99.3% | 96.0% |
| During the day and evening, or constantly | 1.8% | 0.7% | 4.0% |
| Cognitive/behavioral/psychiatric symptoms: | |||
| Impaired decision-making | 5.5% | 4.5% | 7.3% |
| Memory deficit | 2.5% | 1.3% | 4.8% |
| Overall prognosis: fragile health or serious progressive conditions that could lead to death with one year | 14.8% | 12.5% | 19.0% |
| Hearing impairment | 19.6% | 13.8% | 30.0% |
| Understanding of verbal content | |||
| Clear comprehension without cues or repetitions | 82.3% | 87.6% | 72.7% |
| Understands most conversations, but misses some parts/intent of message | 16.4% | 11.6% | 24.9% |
| Only basic, rarely, or never | 1.3% | 0.8% | 2.4% |
| ADL dependencies | |||
| Grooming | 27.7% | 24.0% | 34.4% |
| Dress upper body | 41.4% | 37.4% | 48.5% |
| Dress lower body | 67.3% | 66.1% | 69.5% |
| Bathing | 87.4% | 86.1% | 89.7% |
| Toilet transferring | 47.8% | 43.9% | 54.8% |
| Toilet hygiene | 22.4% | 18.8% | 28.9% |
| Transferring | 10.4% | 8.3% | 14.1% |
| Ambulation/Locomotion | 29.2% | 31.6% | 24.7% |