Table 2b.
Covariates and their association with chronic placental inflammation types among females.
| No Pathology (ref) N= 287 N (%) | Chronic choriodeciduitis N= 39 N (%) | Chronic villitis N=161 N (%) | Decidual plasma cells N=27 N (%) | Chronic inflammation of basal plate with anchoring villitis N=65 N (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Covariates | |||||
| Maternal BMI | |||||
| < 18.5 (underweight) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 18.5 – 24.99 (healthy) | 28 (10) | 3 (8) | 15 (9) | 1 (4) | 3 (5) |
| 25.0 – 29.99 (overweight) | 106 (37) | 12 (31) | 63(39) | 8 (30) | 21 (32) |
| 30+ (obese) | 152 (53) | 24 (62) | 83 (52) | 18 (66) | 41 (63) |
| NICU Admission | |||||
| No | 265 (92) | 34 (87) | 153 (95) | 24(89) | 59 (91) |
| Yes | 22 (8) | 5 (13) | 8 (5) | 3 (11) | 6 (9) |
| Mode of Delivery | |||||
| NSVD or VAVD | 173 (60) | 20 (51) | 106 (66) | 18 (67) | 43(66) |
| CS | 114 (40) | 19 (49) | 55 (34) | 9 (33) | 22 (34) |
| Race | |||||
| Unknown | 1 (0) | 1 (2) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| White/Caucasian | 71 (25) | 7 (18) | 58 (36) | 10 (37) | 26(40) |
| Black/African American | 189 (66) | 26 (67) | 84 (52) | 14 (52) | 32 (49) |
| Asian | 21 (7) | 3 (8) | 12 (7) | 2 (7) | 5 (8) |
| Native American/ | |||||
| Alaskan/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 4 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) |
| Other | 3 (1) | 2 (5) | 2 (1)* | 1 (4) | 1 (1) |
| Insurance | |||||
| Private | 106 (37) | 15 (39) | 60 (37) | 10 (37) | 24 (37) |
| Medicaid | 143 (50) | 20 (51) | 88 (55) | 15(56) | 38 (58) |
| Self-pay | 38 (13) | 4 (10) | 13 (8) | 2 (7) | 3 (5) |
| Previous Preterm Delivery | |||||
| No | 270 (94) | 37 (95) | 148 (92) | 25 (93) | 59 (91) |
| Yes | 17 (6) | 2 (5) | 13 (8) | 2 (7) | 6 (9) |
| Gravida | |||||
| 1–2 | 159 (55) | 13 (33) | 71 (44) | 7 (26) | 26(40) |
| 3+ | 128 (45) | 26 (67)** | 90(56)* | 20(74)** | 39 (60)* |
| Para | |||||
| 0 | 127 (44) | 15 (38) | 72 (45) | 7 (26) | 20 (31) |
| 1–2 | 136 (48) | 19 (49) | 71 (44) | 15(56) | 37 (57) |
| 3+ | 24 (8) | 5 (13) | 18(11) | 5 (18) | 8 (12) |
| Spontaneous abortions | |||||
| 0 | 211 (74) | 19 (50) | 106 (66) | 19 (70) | 46 (72) |
| 1–2 | 63 (22) | 14 (37) | 46(29) | 6 (22) | 16 (25) |
| 3+ | 10 (4) | 5 (13)** | 9 (5) | 2 (7) | 2 (3) |
| Pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM)/gestational DM | |||||
| No | 258 (90) | 34 (87) | 146 (91) | 25 (93) | 58 (89) |
| Yes | 29(10) | 5 (13) | 15 (9) | 2 (7) | 7 (11) |
| Preeclampsia | |||||
| No | 268 (93) | 35 (90) | 154 (96) | 26 (96) | 63(97) |
| Yes | 19 (7) | 4 (10) | 7 (4) | 1 (4) | 2 (3) |
| Gestational hypertension (GHTN) | |||||
| No | 275 (96) | 35 (90) | 155 (96) | 25 (93) | 61 (94) |
| Yes | 12 (4) | 4 (10) | 6 (4) | 2 (7) | 4 (6) |
| Chronic hypertension (CHTN) | |||||
| No | 283 (99) | 37 (95) | 159 (99) | 26 (96) | 64 (98) |
| Yes | 4 (1) | 2 (5) | 2 (1) | 1 (4) | 1 (2) |
| Superimposed preeclampsia (SIPE) | |||||
| No | 285 (99) | 37 (95) | 160 (99) | 26 (96) | 64 (98) |
| Yes | 2 (1) | 2 (5) | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | 1 (2) |
No Pathology defined as the absence of all placental histopathology types: acute inflammation in maternal or fetal tissues, chronic placental inflammation, fetal vascular pathology or malperfusion, maternal uteroplacental vascular malperfusion, and villous dysmaturity.
P-values reported for chi-square test of independence or Fisher's exact test when applicable.
*
p < 0.05
**
p < 0.01
***
p < 0.001