FIGURE 1.

Diagram of data availability for the number of dogs imported from DMRVV-enzootic countries via CBP’s Automated Commercial Environment system and CDC’s dog import permit system, 2022. The CBP’s Automated Commercial Environment system records the number of dogs imported via cargo from DMRVV-enzootic countries but does not include information on rabies vaccination certificates. While all dogs imported from DMRVV-enzootic countries with foreign-issued rabies vaccination certificates were required to be registered in the CDC’s dog import permit system during 2022, the transport method was an optional component to report. Thus, some dogs in the missing category (i.e., dogs in the orange dotted circle) from the CDC’s dog import permit system may have been imported via cargo, and their information may be included in CBP’s Automated Commercial Environment system. The CDC’s dog import permit system was implemented on August 1, 2021, and we only report data from the calendar year 2022. Data from CBP’s Automated Commercial Environment system is available for multiple years, and we focused on the period from 2015 through 2022. For the period from 2015 through 2022, we assumed the fraction of dogs imported as cargo each year would be similar to the estimated fraction of foreign-vaccinated dogs from DMRVV-enzootic countries imported as cargo during 2022. CBP, U.S. Customs and Border Protection; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; DMRVV, Dog-mediated rabies virus variant.