Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristic | Bladder Neoplasms (n = 174) |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 62.4 ± 8.7 |
| Gender, n (%) | |
| -Male | 126 (72.4) |
| -Female | 48 (27.6) |
| Smoking history, n (%) | |
| -Smoker | 102 (58.6) |
| -Nonsmoker | 72 (41.4) |
| Histological subtype, n (%) | |
| -Urothelial carcinoma | 142 (81.6) |
| -Squamous cell carcinoma | 24 (13.8) |
| -Adenocarcinoma | 8 (4.6) |