Table 1.
Demographic characteristics.
| n (%) | Knowledge | Attitudes | Practices | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean ± SD | p | mean ± SD | p | mean ± SD | p | ||
| N = 761 | |||||||
| Total Score | 6.67 ± 1.73 | 32.95 ± 2.46 | 28.64 ± 4.39 | ||||
| Gender | 0.307 | 0.035 | 0.034 | ||||
| Male | 308 (40.47) | 6.59 ± 1.70 | 33.18 ± 2.52 | 28.23 ± 4.72 | |||
| Female | 453 (59.53) | 6.72 ± 1.75 | 32.80 ± 2.41 | 28.92 ± 4.13 | |||
| Age | <0.001 | 0.005 | 0.017 | ||||
| 18–30 years old | 16 (2.10) | 6.38 ± 2.16 | 34.19 ± 3.37 | 28.94 ± 3.92 | |||
| 31–50 years old | 217 (28.52) | 6.97 ± 1.54 | 33.11 ± 2.65 | 28.32 ± 4.59 | |||
| 51–70 years old | 417 (54.80) | 6.73 ± 1.70 | 33.00 ± 2.25 | 29.05 ± 4.23 | |||
| ≥ 71 years old | 111 (14.59) | 5.91 ± 1.93 | 32.31 ± 2.60 | 27.68 ± 4.46 | |||
| Residence | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Rural | 306 (40.21) | 6.40 ± 1.85 | 32.60 ± 2.24 | 27.95 ± 4.34 | |||
| Urban | 455 (59.79) | 6.85 ± 1.63 | 33.19 ± 2.57 | 29.11 ± 4.36 | |||
| Marital status | 0.306 | 0.564 | 0.882 | ||||
| Unmarried/Divorced/Other | 27 (3.55) | 6.33 ± 2.04 | 33.22 ± 3.04 | 28.52 ± 4.36 | |||
| Married | 734 (96.45) | 6.68 ± 1.72 | 32.94 ± 2.44 | 28.65 ± 4.39 | |||
| Education | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Junior high school and below | 475 (62.42) | 6.41 ± 1.81 | 32.55 ± 2.26 | 28.08 ± 4.45 | |||
| High school and technical school | 214 (28.12) | 7.04 ± 1.45 | 33.29 ± 2.29 | 29.47 ± 3.99 | |||
| College and above | 72 (9.46) | 7.26 ± 1.67 | 34.60 ± 3.29 | 29.9 ± 4.46 | |||
| Average Monthly Household Income (CNY) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||||
| < 2000 | 124 (16.29) | 6.50 ± 1.77 | 32.41 ± 2.25 | 28.66 ± 4.03 | |||
| 2000–5,000 | 438 (57.56) | 6.57 ± 1.77 | 32.76 ± 2.31 | 28.42 ± 4.46 | |||
| 5,000–10,000 | 179 (23.52) | 6.88 ± 1.59 | 33.52 ± 2.44 | 28.75 ± 4.38 | |||
| > 10,000 | 20 (2.63) | 8.10 ± 1.07 | 35.60 ± 4.16 | 32.35 ± 3.45 | |||
| Occupation | <0.001 | 0.110 | <0.001 | ||||
| Formal employment/part-time/self-employment | 394 (51.77) | 6.75 ± 1.68 | 33.03 ± 2.56 | 28.34 ± 4.55 | |||
| Unemployed | 29 (3.81) | 7.07 ± 1.33 | 33.48 ± 2.16 | 29.69 ± 2.71 | |||
| Retired | 197 (25.89) | 6.92 ± 1.56 | 33.04 ± 2.30 | 29.72 ± 3.96 | |||
| Other | 141 (18.53) | 6.01 ± 2.02 | 32.53 ± 2.44 | 27.77 ± 4.46 | |||
| Relationship | 0.051 | 0.306 | 0.203 | ||||
| Spouse of the patient | 346 (45.47) | 6.53 ± 1.76 | 32.79 ± 2.37 | 28.81 ± 4.15 | |||
| Children of the patient | 370 (48.62) | 6.74 ± 1.69 | 33.06 ± 2.51 | 28.42 ± 4.64 | |||
| Other family relationship | 31 (4.07) | 7.00 ± 1.86 | 33.48 ± 2.91 | 28.55 ± 3.33 | |||
| Employment/other | 14 (1.84) | 7.57 ± 1.83 | 33.07 ± 2.23 | 30.71 ± 4.91 | |||
| Living with the patient | 0.415 | 0.160 | 0.002 | ||||
| Yes | 548 (72.01) | 6.64 ± 1.73 | 32.88 ± 2.37 | 28.95 ± 4.2 | |||
| No | 213 (27.99) | 6.75 ± 1.75 | 33.15 ± 2.68 | 27.85 ± 4.75 | |||
| Patient’s Gender | 0.855 | 0.103 | 0.221 | ||||
| Male | 443 (58.21) | 6.66 ± 1.75 | 32.83 ± 2.38 | 28.48 ± 4.44 | |||
| Female | 318 (41.79) | 6.68 ± 1.72 | 33.13 ± 2.56 | 28.87 ± 4.31 | |||
| Patient’s Age | 0.082 | 0.166 | 0.002 | ||||
| 31–50 years old | 30 (3.94) | 7.10 ± 1.73 | 32.67 ± 2.60 | 27.27 ± 4.31 | |||
| 51–70 years old | 302 (39.68) | 6.78 ± 1.59 | 33.16 ± 2.31 | 29.3 ± 4.08 | |||
| ≥ 71 years old | 429 (56.37) | 6.56 ± 1.82 | 32.83 ± 2.55 | 28.28 ± 4.54 | |||
| Medical Insurance | <0.001 | 0.837 | <0.001 | ||||
| No medical insurance | 6 (0.79) | 8.17 ± 0.75 | 33.33 ± 1.63 | 27.33 ± 5.68 | |||
| Only basic medical insurance | 638 (83.84) | 6.57 ± 1.78 | 32.97 ± 2.51 | 28.29 ± 4.43 | |||
| Basic medical insurance and other commercial insurance | 117 (15.37) | 7.15 ± 1.33 | 32.85 ± 2.24 | 30.62 ± 3.46 | |||
| Patients’ comorbidities (Multiple choices) | |||||||
| Hypertension (or long-term use of antihypertensive drugs) | 589 (77.4) | 6.76 ± 1.70 | 32.89 ± 2.43 | 28.72 ± 4.32 | |||
| Hyperlipidemia | 72 (9.46) | 6.92 ± 1.91 | 33.54 ± 3.02 | 29.01 ± 5.13 | |||
| Diabetes | 245 (32.19) | 6.94 ± 1.68 | 33.02 ± 2.38 | 29.04 ± 4.15 | |||
| Malignant tumor | 8 (1.05) | 5.88 ± 1.55 | 33.88 ± 3.87 | 26.38 ± 6.14 | |||
| Other | 116 (15.24) | 6.26 ± 1.97 | 33.14 ± 2.57 | 28.18 ± 5.11 | |||
| None of the above | 65 (8.54) | 6.32 ± 1.74 | 33.57 ± 2.45 | 28.09 ± 5.28 | |||
| Patient’s Smoking Habit | 0.347 | 0.030 | 0.055 | ||||
| Yes | 253 (33.25) | 6.58 ± 1.86 | 32.68 ± 2.32 | 28.21 ± 4.40 | |||
| No | 508 (66.75) | 6.71 ± 1.67 | 33.09 ± 2.52 | 28.86 ± 4.37 | |||
| Patient’s Drinking Habit | 0.990 | 0.714 | 0.366 | ||||
| Yes | 191 (25.1) | 6.67 ± 1.73 | 33.01 ± 2.62 | 28.39 ± 4.74 | |||
| No | 570 (74.9) | 6.67 ± 1.74 | 32.94 ± 2.41 | 28.72 ± 4.26 | |||
| Disability status of the patient | <0.001 | 0.103 | 0.013 | ||||
| Yes | 319 (41.92) | 7.03 ± 1.53 | 33.13 ± 2.45 | 29.10 ± 4.00 | |||
| No | 442 (58.08) | 6.41 ± 1.83 | 32.83 ± 2.46 | 28.31 ± 4.62 | |||
| Does the patient prefer a high-salt/high-fat diet? | 0.464 | 0.017 | 0.689 | ||||
| Yes | 424 (55.72) | 6.71 ± 1.69 | 32.76 ± 2.44 | 28.70 ± 4.29 | |||
| No | 337 (44.28) | 6.62 ± 1.79 | 33.19 ± 2.47 | 28.57 ± 4.51 | |||
| Patient’s Exercise Frequency | <0.001 | 0.056 | <0.001 | ||||
| 1 ~ 2 times a week | 81 (10.64) | 5.77 ± 2.11 | 33.28 ± 3.44 | 27.09 ± 5.62 | |||
| 3 ~ 4 times a week | 113 (14.85) | 6.88 ± 1.77 | 32.70 ± 2.00 | 28.99 ± 3.36 | |||
| 5 ~ 6 times a week | 173 (22.73) | 7.20 ± 1.31 | 32.56 ± 1.90 | 30.05 ± 2.48 | |||
| Every day | 292 (38.37) | 6.59 ± 1.69 | 33.12 ± 2.51 | 28.38 ± 4.57 | |||
| Never | 102 (13.4) | 6.47 ± 1.79 | 33.17 ± 2.60 | 27.84 ± 5.49 | |||
| If “Never” was not selected in the previous question, what type of exercise does the patient usually engage in? (n = 659) | 0.023 | <0.001 | 0.008 | ||||
| Aerobic exercise (such as walking, cycling, jogging, tai chi, etc.) | 524 (68.86) | 6.61 ± 1.78 | 32.98 ± 2.49 | 28.65 ± 4.35 | |||
| Resistance training (such as strength training, leg raises, push-ups, dumbbells, etc.) | 134 (17.61) | 7.03 ± 1.42 | 32.61 ± 2.01 | 29.12 ± 3.31 | |||
| Both of the above | 1 (0.13) | 9.00 | 44.00 | 40.00 | |||
| Duration of the patient’s illness | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.049 | ||||
| Less than 1 month | 318 (41.79) | 6.74 ± 1.66 | 32.81 ± 2.16 | 28.78 ± 4.20 | |||
| 1 ~ 6 months | 93 (12.22) | 7.08 ± 1.45 | 33.60 ± 2.34 | 29.27 ± 3.67 | |||
| 6 ~ 12 months | 117 (15.37) | 6.55 ± 1.65 | 32.32 ± 2.36 | 28.49 ± 4.27 | |||
| 12 ~ 18 months | 24 (3.15) | 7.00 ± 1.35 | 32.71 ± 1.68 | 29.75 ± 3.66 | |||
| 18 ~ 24 months | 49 (6.44) | 7.04 ± 1.41 | 32.94 ± 2.43 | 29.22 ± 3.89 | |||
| >24 months | 160 (21.02) | 6.23 ± 2.11 | 33.38 ± 3.07 | 27.77 ± 5.28 | |||