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. 2024 Aug 20;15:1437267. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1437267

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Copyright © 2024 Bai, Zhou, Zhang, Chen, Lv, Wang, Zhang, Wu and Zhao

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Non-inferiority for influenza haemagglutination inhibition geometric mean titer (GMT) ratios and seroconversion rate of co-administration versus separate administration. Blood samples were collected 28 days after each group received inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine. The antibody titers against the four strains included in the vaccine were detected by hemagglutinin inhibition assays. The GMT ratios (A) and differences in seroconversion rates (B) were compared between the co-administration groups and the SARS-CoV-2+PPV23/IIV4 group. The dashed lines represent the 95% CI lower boundary of 0.5 for GMT ratios and -10% for the seroconversion rate differences.