Table 2.
Lymphocyte subsets for predicting disease progression in inflammatory bowel disease.
| Lymphocyte subsets | Samples | Participants | Outcomes | Prognostic value | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD3+ CD8+ γδ T cells | Blood | 102 CD | Surgery | Adjusted HR: 3.053 [95%CI, 1.098-8.488; P = 0.032]) | Andreu-Ballester et al. (26) |
| CD3+ γδ T cells | Blood | 102 CD | Surgery | Adjusted HR: 3.112 [95%CI, 1.140-8.496; P = 0.027]) | Andreu-Ballester et al. (26) |
| Treg/Th1 ratio | Blood | 46 CD | Endoscopic or clinical relapse | Compared to patients with recurrence, patients maintaining remission had a higher ratio (0.6 ± 0.2 vs 0.3 ± 0.1, P = 0.042) | Chao et al. (27) |
| Treg/Th17 ratio | Blood | 46 CD | Endoscopic or clinical relapse | Compared to patients with recurrence, patients maintaining remission had a higher ratio (3.1 ± 1.1 vs 1.7 ± 1.2, P = 0.031) | Chao et al. (27) |
| CD8+CD28+ T cells | Blood | 65 CD | Progression into active stage | AUC: 0.802 (95%CI: 0.697–0.907; P < 0.0001) | Dai et al. (24) |
| CD8+CD28– T cells | Blood | 65 CD | Progression into active stage | AUC: 0.338 (95%CI: 0.206–0.470; P = 0.042) | Dai et al. (24) |
| CD8+CD28+/CD8+CD28– ratio | Blood | 65 CD | Progression into active stage | AUC: 0.890 (95%CI: 0.822–0.958; P < 0.0001) | Dai et al. (24) |
| FOXP3+IL-17A+ CD4+ T cells | Blood | 113 CD | Clinical relapse | Adjusted OR: 2.81 (95%CI: 1.13–7.04, P = 0.03) | Duclaux-Loras et al. (29) |
| CD3+ cells | Biopsy | 33 UC | Treatment escalation | High percentages of CD3+ cells was associated with the treatment escalation (median: 62% [50–71] vs. 48% [IQR, 43–63], P = 0.03) | Smids et al. (28) |
| CD4+ cells | Biopsy | 77 CD | Develop to stricturing or penetrating disease [B2/B3] | Higher percentage of CD4+ cells was associated with developing to B2/B3 disease (median: 74% [IQR: 65–79] vs. 65% [52–73], P = 0.02) |
Smids et al. (28) |
| Treg cells | Biopsy | 77 CD | Develop to stricturing or penetrating disease [B2/B3] | Higher percentage of Treg cells was associated with developing to B2/B3 disease (median: 15% [IQR 9–23] vs.11% [IQR 7–15], P = 0.04) |
Smids et al. (28) |
| Treg cells | Biopsy | 77 CD | Surgery | Higher percentage of Treg cells was associated with need for surgery (median: 15% [IQR 14–19] vs. 10% [7–15], P = 0.014) | Smids et al. (28) |
| Treg cells | Biopsy | 77 CD | Treatment escalation | Higher percentage of Treg cells was associated with treatment escalation (median: 11% [8–16] vs. 8% [IQR 5–10], P = 0.014) |
Smids et al. (28) |
| CD8α+ T cells | Biopsy | 90 UC | Low-grade neoplasia | AUC: 0.74 (95% CI: 0.62–0.84, P = 0.004) | Kotsafti et al. (31) |
| Granzyme B-expressing CD8+ T cells | Biopsy | 25 CD | Postoperative recurrence | The frequency was higher in patients with recurrence at 12 months than those who remained in remission (10.24 ± 4.67% vs. 5.98 ± 3.28%; P < 0.05) | Boschetti et al. (25) |
| T cell clonal expansions | Biopsy | 57 CD | Postoperative recurrence | AUC: 0.69 (95%CI: 0.54-0.83) | Allez et al. (30) |
IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; CD, Crohn’s disease; UC, ulcerative colitis; IQR, interquartile range; Treg cell, regulatory T cell; Foxp3, Forkhead box protein P3; IL, interleukin.