Figure 3.

Histone acetylation and histone methylation. Histones are subjected to various post-translational modifications, such as methylation and acetylation, which are dynamically carried out by histone-modifying enzyme complexes, and these enzymes can methylate or acetylate specific residues on the histone tail. Histone methyltransferases (HMT) are mainly involved in regulating histone methylation, which transfers methyl groups to histone lysine residues, whereas histone demethylases (HDM) have the opposite effect. Histone acetyltransferases (HAT) regulate histone acetylation, which transfers acetyl groups to histone lysine residues. However, histone deacetylases (HDAC) have the opposite effect. This figure was created with the aid of Biorender (https://biorender.com/).