Table 3.
Motives and gains of leisure-time physical activity.
| All participants | Guideline-adherers | Guideline non-adherers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motivation | Gain | Motivation | Gain | Motivation | Gain | |
| Categories | ||||||
| Social engagement | 1.29 (1.35)* | 2.06 (1.34)* | 1.51 (1.41) | 2.05 (1.24) | 1.21 (1.32) | 1.91 (1.39) |
| Negative health avoidance | 2.12 (1.27) | 2.15 (1.27) | 2.26 (1.26) | 1.72 (1.14) | 2.05 (1.15) | 1.94 (1.31) |
| Health/Fitness | 3.06 (1.04) | 2.71 (1.10) | 3.31 (0.91) | 3.04 (0.83)** | 2.99 (1.00) | 2.49 (1.20)** |
| Enjoyment/revitalisation | 2.14 (1.37)* | 2.68 (1.20)* | 2.51 (1.17) | 3.06 (0.98)** | 2.13 (1.34) | 2.46 (1.26)** |
| Appearance/weight management | 2.04 (1.04)* | – | 1.98 (1.29) | – | 2.05 (1.46) | – |
| Weight management | – | 1.09 (0.81)* | – | 1.93 (1.07) | – | 1.90 (1.31) |
| Subscales | ||||||
| Social recognition | 0.75 (1.21)* | 1.76 (1.35)* | 0.89 (1.32) | 1.97 (1.31) | 0.68 (1.15) | 1.66 (1.38) |
| Enjoyment | 2.28 (1.42)* | 2.93 (1.17)* | 2.74 (1.18) | 3.34 (0.84)** | 2.28 (1.12) | 2.69 (1.27)** |
| Challenge | 2.00 (1.41)* | 2.70 (1.18)* | 2.34 (1.43) | 2.99 (1.01) | 1.85 (1.34) | 2.54 (1.23) |
| Competition | 1.11 (1.43) | 1.66 (1.47) | 1.39 (1.54) | 1.99 (1.39) | 1.04 (1.41) | 1.47 (1.50) |
| Affiliation | 1.30 (1.33)* | 2.11 (1.36)* | 1.40 (1.38) | 2.34 (1.23) | 1.26 (1.36) | 1.98 (1.45) |
| Revitalisation | 2.37 (1.32) | 2.67 (1.20) | 2.76 (1.07) | 3.09 (1.00)** | 2.35 (1.44) | 2.41 (1.23)** |
| Health pressures | 1.40 (1.32) | 1.86 (1.38) | 1.51 (1.28) | 2.12 (1.31) | 1.27 (1.32) | 1.66 (1.38) |
| Ill-health avoidance | 2.84 (1.21) | 2.44 (1.16) | 3.01 (1.24) | 2.77 (0.97) | 2.82 (0.98) | 2.22 (1.24) |
| Positive Health | 3.23 (0.93) | 2.91 (1.08) | 3.43 (0.89) | 3.24 (0.86)** | 3.20 (0.73) | 2.68 (1.16)** |
| Weight management | 2.38 (1.40) | 1.89 (1.23) | 2.26 (1.37) | 2.37 (1.07) | 2.50 (1.43) | 1.90 (1.31) |
| Stress management | 1.76 (1.37)* | 2.45 (1.23)* | 2.04 (1.27) | 2.76 (1.11) | 1.76 (1.46) | 2.27 (1.27) |
| Appearance | 1.70 (1.35)* | 1.11 (1.25)* | 1.70 (1.20) | 2.03 (1.15) | 1.60 (1.48) | 1.66 (1.32) |
| Strength and endurance | 3.03 (1.08) | 3.01 (1.04) | 3.34 (0.86) | 3.57 (0.62)** | 2.93 (1.14) | 2.82 (1.12)** |
| Nimbleness | 2.93 (1.11) | 3.11 (1.02) | 3.16 (0.98) | 3.30 (0.67)** | 2.84 (1.14) | 2.80 (1.20)** |
Scores under the categories and subscales are mean (SD)
The minimum score is 0, and the maximum score is 4
The missing values in the Categories section are explained in the instrument scoring instructions [17]. The Appearance motive in the categories is captured within the Appearance/weight motive category, whereas the Appearance gain in the categories is captured within the Health/fitness category. These two Categories were compared to each other in the t-test analysis.
*p ≤ 0.05 in dependent t-test between motivation and gain score for all participants; **p ≤ 0.05 in independent t-test between motive and gain score for guideline adherers and guideline non-adherers.