Table 1.

Fracture toughness of weak snow layers

Weak layer type	${\mathcal{G}}_{\mathrm{I}\mathrm{c}}$ (J/m2)	${\mathcal{G}}_{\mathrm{II}\mathrm{c}}$ (J/m2)	n	m
Surface hoar	0.56 ± 0.02	0.79 ± 0.04	0.20	0.45

Weak-layer fracture toughness of surface hoar for collapse (mode I) and in-plane shear (mode II) fracture with interaction-law shape parameters, cf. Eq. (1).