Table 2.
Cox proportional HRs and 95% CI for incident T2D according to quartiles of baseline predicted serum vitamin D
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p trend | Each 10 ng/mLd | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predicted vit Da | 17.62 (16.51;18.23) | 19.27 (18.96;19.56) | 20.44 (20.12;20.80) | 22.39 (21.69;23.48) | ||
| Cases of incident T2D | 118 | 43 | 32 | 16 | ||
| Person-years | 58,110 | 60,500 | 60,422 | 59,046 | ||
| Incident rate 10–3 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.3 | ||
| Age- and sex-adjusted model | 1.00 (reference) | 0.40 (0.28–0-57) | 0.35 (0.24–0.52) | 0.20 (0.12–0.34) | < 0.001 | 0.07 (0.04–0.13) |
| Multiple-adjusted model1b | 1.00 (reference) | 0.46 (0.32–0.67) | 0.48 (0.31–0.74) | 0.32 (0.17–0.57) | < 0.001 | 0.11 (0.06–0.23) |
| Multiple-adjusted model2c | 1.00 (reference) | 0.65 (0.44–0.95) | 0.71 (0.45–1.10) | 0.48 (0.26–0.88) | 0.032 | 0.31 (0.14–0.68) |
aPredicted vitamin D status (ng/mL) expressed by p50 (p25;p75)
bModel adjusted for sex, age, marital status, smoking status (current, former or never smoker), smoking pack-years, weight change, years of university, TV hours/day, family history of T2D, physical activity (MET-h/week), Trichopoulou’s 9-point score/Mediterranean dietary pattern, energy intake (kcal/day), sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (servings/day), snacking, following a special diet, prevalent hypertension, prevalent cancer, prevalent hypercholesterolemia, prevalent hypertriglyceridemia
cModel 1 additionally adjusted for obesity (>=30 kg/m2 yes, no)
dHR and 95% CI for incident T2D for each 10 ng/mL increase of predicted vitamin D