Table 3.
The semantic coding framework developed using prior research as a reference to categorize the various types of cues employed by participants
| Categories | Subcategories | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Comprehension cues | ||
| Text comprehension | Situation level cue | Utterances that indicate situation-model comprehension |
| Overall impression of the situation model (positive) | Utterances appear to be comprehension cues but convey the situation model's overall impression | |
| Overall low confidence in situation model (negative) | Responses indicating uncertainty regarding the situation model | |
| Diagram comprehension | Overall impression of diagram completion | Expressions describing the overall impression of diagram completion |
| Specific content correctness | Verbalizations on correctness of text box contents | |
| Causal relationship | The diagrams’ causal relations’ quality (correct relation or lack of relation) | |
| Omission cues | Verbalizations on missing details in the causal chain | |
| Overall low confidence in diagram correctness | Uncertain text box responses | |
| Memory retrieval cue | ||
| Memory retrieval Cue | Retrieval Fluency cues | Information’s ease of recall |
| Memorizability cue | Whether one will (or will not) recall text information | |
| Retrieval Quantity cues | Amount of information accessed from the memory | |
| Retrieval quality cue | Overall quality of the memory retrieval | |
| Surface cues | ||
| Reading text surface cues | Reading fluency cues | How fluently (or less fluently) the text was read |
| Information processing cue | How easily (or with difficulty) the information in the reading text was processed | |
| Readability cues | The ease (or difficulty) to understand the text | |
| Reading text length cues | Refers to the length of the texts | |
| Amount of textual information cues | The amount of information present in the text | |
| Vocabulary cues | Familiar or unfamiliar vocabulary in the text | |
| Reading time cues | Time taken to read the texts | |
| Factual information cues | Verbalizations on factual content from the text | |
| Reading text comparison cue | Comparing a reading text to another | |
| Diagram surface cues | Diagram completion fluency cues | Ease (or difficulty) in completing the diagram |
| Diagram completion time cues | Time taken to complete the diagram | |
| Diagram comparison cue | Comparing a diagram experience with other/s | |
| Others | Prior knowledge cues | Previous knowledge about the text content |
| Topic interest | Specific interest for a particular topic | |